Crosstalk Between Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor And N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Signaling In Neurons

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in brain exerting prosurvival effect on neurons via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) signaling under physiological conditions. However in pathological circumstances such as ischemia, NMDARs might have proapoptotic excitotoxic activity. In contrast brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling via TrkB receptors has been largely considered to promote neuronal differentiation, plasticity and survival during normal development, and protect neurons in pathophysiological conditions antagonizing the NMDAR-mediated excitotoxic cell death. In this review we summarize recent evidence for the existent crosstalk and positive feedback loops between the BDNF and NMDAR signaling and point out some of the important specific features of each signaling pathway

Existence and stability of singularly perturbed standing pulse solutions of a three-component FitzHugh-Nagumo

In this article, a singularly perturbed three-component FitzHugh-Nagumo system, which is proposed in [2], is considered. As a simple localized pattern, the existence of standing pulse solutions with high accurate approximations for a small parameter and their stability are shown by using an analytic singular perturbation technique

Improved controllability of wet infiltration technique for fabrication of solid oxide fuel cell anodes

Ni/yttria-stabilized zirconia anodes of solid oxide fuel cells are fabricated by a wet infiltration technique and the ability of the infiltration technique to control the anode microstructure is quantitatively demonstrated by a detailed three-dimensional microstructural analysis. The microstructural analysis reveals favorable aspects of the infiltrated anodes, such as larger triple-phase boundary density and sufficiently large pore size, and they are mostly unachievable by the conventional powder-mixing and sintering approaches. The improved controllability of the infiltration technique is expected to be useful to tailor porous microstructures to meet the multiple requirements for transport and electrochemical reactions within the anodes

Crosstalk between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor signaling in neurons

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in brain exerting prosurvival effect on neurons via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) signaling under physiological conditions. However in pathological circumstances such as ischemia, NMDARs might have proapoptotic excitotoxic activity. In contrast brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling via tropomyosinrelated receptor kinase B (TrkB) has been largely considered to promote neuronal differentiation, plasticity and survival during normal development, and protect neurons in pathophysiological conditions antagonizing the NMDAR-mediated excitotoxic cell death. In this review we summarize recent evidence for the existent crosstalk and positive feedback loops between the BDNF and NMDAR signaling and point out some of the important specific features of each signaling pathway.Biomedical Reviews 2008; 19: 17-27

Concept model of atomic hydrogen dry developing process for photolithographic patterning

Atomic hydrogen dry etching was used for microstructure fabrication. Photolithography was proposed and achieved by a dry development process using atomic hydrogen irradiation. The reaction system of poly(methyl methacrylate) mixed with molecular benzophenone was examined as a model system for a proof-of-concept study. Optical patterning was experimentally made on a thin layer of poly(methyl methacrylate) with benzophenone by UV light exposure with a photomask. The reaction system acted as a negative tone resist in the proposed process. Thus, a model system for a new atomic hydrogen dry development process was proposed and successfully demonstrated.Yuki Takemori, Masao Gohdo, Yuta Koda, and Hideo Horibe, "Concept model of atomic hydrogen dry developing process for photolithographic patterning", AIP Advances 10, 105223 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0027509