Flower Bud Differentiation and Flowering of Tray Grown Strawberry 'Nyoho' as Affected by Plant age and the Duration of Nutrient Starvation

In the forcing production of strawberry Fragaria × ananassa Duch., the use of tray plants grown from cuttings of runner tips is becoming popular with the increase in strawberry production with substrate culture systems, due to their lower cost and ease of plant management compared to conventional pot-grown plants. Effects of the date of runner cutting and the duration of nutrient starvation on flower bud differentiation and flowering of tray grown plants of strawberry 'Nyoho' were investigated. Plants cut on mid or late July and rooted on cell trays performed early and uniform flower bud differentiation and flowering compared to June or August cut plants. When the plants were supplied nutrient solution containing ca. 6 mg-N/plant/week, nutrient starvation from the end of August led to the early and uniform flowering of tray plants, outperforming the earlier or later starvation.イチゴでは，根域容量130mL程度のセルトレイを利用した挿し苗育苗が省力育苗技術として急速に普及している．そこで，‘女峰’を用いて挿し苗時期と施肥中断時期が花芽分化と開花に及ぼす影響について検討した．挿し苗は7月中下旬が適期であり，6月や8月挿し苗区より花芽分化と開花が早く，極端に遅れる株が少なかった．液肥を用いて約6㎎-N/株・週の割合で与えた場合，施肥中断時期は8月末が最も優れ，週間早いと定植前の肥料不足によって極端に開花の遅れる株が増加し，1週間遅れると高窒素による花芽分化抑制が認められた

Growth and Yield of Substrate-Cultured Strawberry as Affected by Root Zone Volume and Fertigation Frequency

Effects of root-zone volume and fertigation frequency on 4 cultivars of substrate-grown strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch., ‘Nyoho’, ‘Asukarubi’, ‘Akihime’ and ‘Tochiotome’) were investigated. Fertigation frequency had no significant effect on growth and yield of strawberry even in the minimum root-zone volume of 0.6L/plant. Total yield, mean berry weight, and root dry weight at end of harvest decreased with decrease in volume, but no significant difference was observed in number of harvested berries and subsequent growth of runners and daughter plants. In the yield and root growth, there were large differences between peat bags (2.25L/plant) and bowl-shaped containers (0.6-1.5L/plant), and highly significant non-linear regressions between the two parameters and the root-zone volume. The differences may be caused by factors other than the volume, such as the shape of root-zone and edge of containers or drain property, and so on

Glowing gold nanoparticle coating: restoring the lost property from bulk gold

ArticleNanoscale. 11(9): 3786-3793. (2019)journal articl

Total synthesis of palau’amine

Palau’amine has received a great deal of attention in the past two decades as an attractive synthetic target by virtue of its intriguing molecular architecture and significant immunosuppressive activity. Here we report the total synthesis of palau’amine characterized by the construction of an ABDE tetracyclic ring core including a trans-bicylo[3.3.0]octane skeleton at a middle stage of total synthesis. The ABDE tetracyclic ring core is constructed by a cascade reaction of a cleavage of the N–N bond, including simultaneous formation of imine, the addition of amide anion to the resulting imine (D-ring formation) and the condensation of pyrrole with methyl ester (B-ring formation) in a single step. The synthetic palau’amine is confirmed to exhibit excellent immunosuppressive activity. The present synthetic route has the potential to help elucidate a pharmacophore as well as the mechanistic details of immunosuppressive activity

Unveiling the RNA virosphere associated with marine microorganisms

The study of extracellular DNA viral particles in the ocean is currently one of the most advanced fields of research in viral metagenomic analysis. However, even though the intracellular viruses of marine microorganisms might be the major source of extracellular virus particles in the ocean, the diversity of these intracellular viruses is not well understood. Here, our newly developed method, referred to herein as fragmented and primer ligated dsRNA sequencing (flds) version 2, identified considerable genetic diversity of marine RNA viruses in cell fractions obtained from surface seawater. The RNA virus community appears to cover genome sequences related to more than half of the established positive‐sense ssRNA and dsRNA virus families, in addition to a number of unidentified viral lineages, and such diversity had not been previously observed in floating viral particles. In this study, more dsRNA viral contigs were detected in host cells than in extracellular viral particles. This illustrates the magnitude of the previously unknown marine RNA virus population in cell fractions, which has only been partially assessed by cellular metatranscriptomics and not by contemporary viral metagenomic studies. These results reveal the importance of studying cell fractions to illuminate the full spectrum of viral diversity on Earth

Comparison of maxillary stability after Le Fort I osteotomy for occlusal cant correction surgery and maxillary advanced surgery

金沢大学医学部附属病院歯科口腔外科Objective: To compare postoperative maxillary stability following Le Fort I osteotomy for the correction of occlusal cant as compared with conventional Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement. Study design: The subjects were 40 Japanese adults with jaw deformities. Of these, 20 underwent a Le Fort I osteotomy and intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) to correct asymmetric skeletal morphology and inclined occlusal cant. The other 20 patients underwent a Le Fort I osteotomy and sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) to advance the maxilla. Lateral and posteroanterior cephalograms were taken postoperatively and assessed statistically. Thereafter, the 2 groups were followed for time-course changes. Results: There was no significant difference between the 2 groups with regard to time-course changes during the immediate postoperative period. Conclusion: This suggests that maxillary stability after Le Fort I osteotomy for cant correction does not differ from that after Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement. © 2007 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved

Basal insulin ratio of type 1 diabetes

Aims/Introduction: To investigate the basal insulin requirement in patients with type 1 diabetes who are on multiple daily injections (MDI) and to assess the patient characteristics that affect the percent of total daily basal insulin dose to the total daily insulin dose (%TBD/TDD). Materials and Methods: The subjects of this study were 67 inpatients with type 1 diabetes who were served diabetic meals of 25–30 kcal/kg standard body weight during several weeks of hospitalization. The basal insulin requirement was adjusted to keep the blood glucose level from bedtime to before breakfast within a 30 mg/dL difference. The bolus insulin dose before the meal was adjusted to keep the blood glucose level below 140 and 200 mg/dL before and 2 h after each meal, respectively. The total daily insulin dose (TDD), the percent of total daily basal insulin dose (TBD) to TDD (%TBD/TDD), and clinical characteristics were collected. Results: The median (Q1, Q3) of TDD was 33.0 (26.0, 49.0) units, and the %TBD/TDD was 24.1 ± 9.8%. The %TBD/TDD was positively correlated with the body mass index (BMI) and negatively correlated with the age at the onset and at the examination according to a univariate analysis. However, the %TBD/TDD was dependent on the BMI (β = 0.340, P = 0.004) and the age at examination (β = −0.288, P = 0.012) according to the multiple regression analysis. Conclusions: The average %TBD/TDD in patients with type 1 diabetes on MDI was approximately 24% under inpatient conditions. The basal insulin requirement was dependent on the BMI and the age at examination

Evaluation of upper lip hypoesthesia with a trigeminal somatosensory-evoked potential following Le Fort I osteotomy in combination with mandibular osteotomy

金沢大学医学部附属病院歯科口腔外科Purpose: The purpose of this study was to objectively evaluate hypoesthesia of the upper lip following Le Fort I osteotomy in combination with mandibular osteotomy with trigeminal somatosensory evoked potential (TSEP). Subjects and methods: The subjects consisted of 25 patients with mandibular prognathism with maxillary retrognathism mandibular prognathism with or without asymmetry, who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy in combination with sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) or intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO).Trigeminal nerve hypoesthesia at the region of the upper lip was assessed bilaterally by the TSEP method. The electrodes were placed exactly above the highest point of the vermilion border and on the mucosa of the upper lip. An electroencephalograph recording system (Neuropack Sigma; Nihon Koden Corp., Tokyo, Japan) was used to analyze the potentials. Each patient was evaluated preoperatively and then postoperatively at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. Results: The average measurable period and standard deviation of TSEP of the upper lip was 7.8 ± 10.7 weeks following Le Fort I osteotomy, TSEP of the lower lip was 4.6 ± 9.2 weeks in the patients who underwent SSRO with Le Fort I osteotomy, and 1.2 ± 0.4 weeks in the patients who underwent IVRO with Le Fort I osteotomy. Conclusion: This study objectively proved that hypoesthesia could appear in the upper lips following Le Fort I osteotomy with TSEP. The measurable period for the upper lip following Le Fort I osteotomy tended to be longer than that for the lower lip in the patients who underwent SSRO and IVRO with Le Fort I osteotomy. © 2007 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved

AGEs increase IL-6 and ICAM-1 expression

Background and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for periodontal diseases and may exacerbate the progression of the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) cause DM complications relative to levels of glycemic control and larger amounts accumulate in the periodontal tissues of patients with periodontitis and DM. In the present study, we investigated the effects of AGEs on the expression of inflammation-related factors in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in order to elucidate the impact of AGEs on DM-associated periodontitis. Materials and Methods: HGFs were cultured with or without AGEs. Cell viability was examined, and RNA and protein fractions were isolated from AGE-treated cells. The expression of IL-6, ICAM-1, and the receptor for AGE (RAGE) was investigated using RT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR, and ELISA, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity was measured using a kit with 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. Human monocytic cells (THP-1) labelled with a fluorescent reagent were co-cultured with HGFs treated with AGEs and IL-6 siRNA, and the adhesive activity of THP-1 cells to HGFs was assessed. The expression of IL-6 and ICAM-1 was examined when HGFs were pretreated with recombinant human IL-6 (rhIL-6), the siRNAs of RAGE and IL-6, and inhibitors of MAPK and NF-κB, and then cultured with and without AGEs. The phosphorylation of MAPK and NF-κB was assessed using Western blotting. Results: AGEs increased the mRNA and protein expressions of RAGE, IL-6, ICAM-1 and ROS activity in HGFs, and promoted the adhesion of THP-1 cells to HGFs, but had no effect on cell viability until 72 h. rhIL-6 increased ICAM-1 expression in HGFs, while the siRNAs of RAGE and IL-6 inhibited AGE-induced IL6 and ICAM1 mRNA expression, and IL-6 siRNA depressed AGE-induced THP-1 cell adhesion. AGEs increased the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK MAPKs, p65 NF-κB, and IκBα, while inhibitors of p38, ERK MAPKs, and NF-κB significantly decreased AGE-induced IL-6 and ICAM-1 expression. Conclusions: AGEs increase IL-6 and ICAM-1 expression via the RAGE, MAPK and NF-κB pathways in HGFs and may exacerbate the progression of the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases