Experimental practice using 3D scanning for understanding the structure of a stone chamber from the Kofun period, Japan – A case study of the Shobuzako Kofun, Okayama prefecture –

[EN] The Shobuzako Kofun, located in Okayama prefecture (western Japan), is a key-hole tomb set on a low rolling hill dating to the 5th century AD. Its stone chamber and burial goods are in very good condition because the stone chamber has not been looted.In this presentation, we will indicate a case study of the experimental use of 3D measuring techniques for recording and understanding the structure of a stone chamber, as well as the layout of burial goods’ layers in the Shobuzako Kofun. We will show some of the benefits and problems of 3D measuring techniques, and the basic remarks for using this method.[ES] El Shobuzaku Kofun, localizado en la prefectura de Okayama (Japón occidental), es una tumba con forma de “ojo de cerradura” construido sobre un montículo natural y está fechado en el siglo V d.c. Su cámara funeraria de piedra y artefactos asociados están en muy buena condición dado que la cámara no ha sido saqueada.En esta presentación, nosotros presentaremos un caso experimental del uso de técnicas de medida en 3D para registrar y entender la estructura de una cámara funeraria de piedra, así como la distribución de objetos asociados a la tumba en el Shobuzaku Kofun. Presentaremos algunos de los beneficios y problemas de las técnicas de medida en 3D, y las observaciones principales al usar este método.Yamaguchi, Y.; Matsugi, T. (2010). Experimental practice using 3D scanning for understanding the structure of a stone chamber from the Kofun period, Japan – A case study of the Shobuzako Kofun, Okayama prefecture –. Virtual Archaeology Review. 1(2):43-46. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2010.4684OJS434612Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, Nara Prefecture (2005): Sanjigen Dejitaru Akaibu wo Katsuyou-Shita Kokyou no Sougouteki Kenkyu (A general study of old mirrors by three-dimensional digital archive technology), Bulletin of the Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, Vol.8.BESSHO Hidetaka and MATSUGI Takehiko (2008): "Material source of stone chamber elements and the burial mound of the Shobuzako Kofun, Okayama Prefecture, western Japan (abstract)", in WAC6, Ireland 2008, Sixth World Archaeological Congress (proglam). Dublin.MATSUGI Takehiko (ed.) (2001): Kibi Chiiki ni Okeru "Yuryaku-Cho" Ki no Kokogaku-teki Kenkyu (Archaeological research into the Yuryakudynasty period in Kibi Region): Kagaku Kekyui Hojokin (Kiban Kenkyu(B)(2)) Kenkyu Seika Hokokusho, Heisei 9 Nendo -Heisei 12 Nendo, Okayama.MATSUGI Takehiko (ed.) (2008): Mitokutsu Kofun no Hakkutsu Chosa, Shobuzako Kofun Dai 5 Ji Hakkutsu Chosa (Shobuzako tumulus excavation report 1-5th excavation, 2001-2005 Okayama, Japan.), Faculty of Letters, Okayama University.NIIRO Izumi (ed) (2008): Okayama-shi Zozan Kofun Sokuryo Chosa Gaihou (A preliminary report of Zozan Kofun, Okayama city, Okayama prefecture, Japan), Kagaku Kekyui Hojokin Kiban Kenkyu(B) Kenkyu Seika Hokokusho.OKSBERG, Jane (2007): "The Last Excavation at Shobuzako Kofun.", in Bulletin of the Society for East Asian Archaeology ,Vol.1, the Society for East Asian Archaeology, pp.35-48.SEIKE Akira (ed.) (2006): Nankoku-shi ni Okeru Ogata Koki Kofun no Chosa. (The investigations of large-scaled Late Kofun in Nankoku city, Kochi Prefectue, Japan.), Kochi Daigaku Kokogaku Kenkyushitsu

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多胡圭一教授國井和郎教授退官記念

LiDAR survey of the fifth-century Tsukuriyama mounded tomb group in Japan

The authors present the results of a drone-based airborne LiDAR survey of the fifth century AD Tsukuriyama mounded tomb group in Okayama Prefecture, Japan, revealing the relationship between tomb building and the surrounding landscape during Japan's period of ancient state formation

Dimethylsulfoxide-quenched hydrogen/deuterium exchange method to study amyloid fibril structure

AbstractA general method to analyze the structure of a supramolecular complex of amyloid fibrils at amino acid residue resolution has been developed. This method combines the NMR-detected hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange technique to detect hydrogen-bonded amide groups and the ability of the aprotic organic solvent dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to dissolve amyloid fibrils into NMR-observable, monomeric components while suppressing the undesired H/D exchange reaction. Moreover, this method can be generally applied to amyloid fibrils to elucidate the distribution of hydrogen-bonded amino acid residues in the three-dimensional molecular organization in the amyloid fibrils. In this study, we describe theoretical considerations in the H/D exchange method to obtain the structural information of proteins, and the DMSO-quenched H/D exchange method to study a supramolecular complex of amyloid fibrils. A possible application of this method to study the interaction of a protein/peptide with phospholipid membrane is also discussed

Superconducting Gap Structure of kappa-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2 Probed by Thermal Conductivity Tensor

The thermal conductivity of organic superconductor kappa-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2 (Tc =10.4 K) has been studied in a magnetic field rotating within the 2D superconducting planes with high alignment precision. At low temperatures (T < 0.5 K), a clear fourfold symmetry in the angular variation, which is characteristic of a d-wave superconducting gap with nodes along the directions rotated 45 degrees relative to the b and c axes of the crystal, was resolved. The determined nodal structure is inconsistent with recent theoretical predictions of superconductivity induced by the antiferromagnetic spin fluctuation.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. Let

Electron emission from conduction band of diamond with negative electron affinity

Experimental evidence explaining the extremely low-threshold electron emission from diamond reported in 1996 has been obtained for the first time. Direct observation using combined ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy/field emission spectroscopy (UPS/FES) proved that the origin of field-induced electron emission from heavily nitrogen (N)-doped chemical vapour deposited (CVD) diamond was at conduction band minimum (CBM) utilising negative electron affinity (NEA). The significance of the result is that not only does it prove the utilisation of NEA as the dominant factor for the extremely low-threshold electron emission from heavily N-doped CVD diamond, but also strongly implies that such low-threshold emission is possible from other types of diamond, and even other materials having NEA surface. The low-threshold voltage, along with the stable intensity and remarkably narrow energy width, suggests that this type of electron emission can be applied to develop a next generation vacuum nano-electronic devices with long lifetime and high energy resolution.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, Phys. Rev. B in pres

Fabrication of a Polyimide Film Pneumatic Actuator by Molding and Welding Processes

The bellows pneumatic actuator, which is made by folding a non-stretch film, has been proposed for various applications because it is easy to fabricate and is extremely thin and light. However, it has subpar durability performance, especially in the folded part of the film. In this study, we propose an actuator with a pod structure that possesses high design flexibility and is free from folding. A method of molding a pod structure on a polyimide film was established and a pneumatic actuator was successfully fabricated by using PI films. Two types of PI film pneumatic actuators with the same curvature, bellows type, and pod type were fabricated. Both were confirmed to have equivalent output characteristics. The bending angle and generated torque of the pod-structure actuator were 34 degrees and 3.3 mNm, respectively. In addition, the pod structure has approximately twice the durability of the bellows structure. By using the fabrication method proposed in this paper, it is possible to realize an air chamber (i.e., an actuator) that has both high durability and bending motion

A statistical study of spots in torsional Couette flow

International audienceThis article presents some results on the statistical behavior of localized structures - called "spots" - that propagate in the flow between a rotating and a stationary disc when those are very close one to the other. Under these conditions the rotating disc flow belongs to the Couette flow family and is called the torsional Couette flow. Some visualizations of its transition to turbulence have already revealed the propagation of these spots [Schouveiler et al., J. Fluid Mech. 443, pp. 329-350, 2001] from the rim of the disc towards its center. Using flow visualizations and an original image analysis, the present study aims to better describe the characteristics of the spots whose number continuously increases with the Reynolds number until they invade the whole flow. Moreover, we propose a statistical model that predicts an error function shape for the probability to observe a spot at a given radial position. This prediction is confirmed by an image analysis of the flow and the stability curve of torsional Couette flow is deduced from these observations