Double active region index-guided semiconductor laser

A buried crescent InGaAsP/InP laser with a double active layer was fabricated. The laser showed very high characteristic temperature T0 and highly nonlinear light versus current characteristics. A theoretical model using a rate equation approach showed good agreement with the experimental results

A vertical monolithic combination of an InGaAsP/InP laser and a heterojunction bipolar transistor

A DH InGaAsP/InP mesa laser and a DH InGaAsP/InP mass-transport laser were successfully put together with an InGaAsP/InP heterojunction bipolar transistor in a vertical configuration. A laser threshold current as low as 17 mA and an output laser power of over 30 mW were achieved. Base injection current-controlled optical bistability and optical switching were demonstrated

An unsymmetrical porphyrin and its metal complexes: synthesis, spectroscopy, thermal analysis and liquid crystal properties

The synthesis and characterization of a new unsymmetrical porphyrin liquid crystal, 5-(4-stearoyloxyphenyl)phenyl-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (SPTPPH2) and its transition metal complexes (SPTPPM, M(II) = Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Mn) are reported. Their structure and properties were studied by elemental analysis, and UV–Vis, IR, mass and 1H-HMR spectroscopy. Their luminescent properties were studied by excitation and emission spectroscopy. The quantum yields of the S1 ® S0 fluorescence were measured at room temperature. According to thermal studies, the complexes have a higher thermal stability (no decomposition until 200 °C). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data and an optical textural photograph, obtained using a polarizing microscope (POM), indicate that the porphyrin ligand had liquid crystalline character and that it exhibited more than one mesophase and a low-lying phase transition temperature, with transition temperatures of 19.3 and 79.4 °C; the temperature range of the liquid crystal (LC) phase of the ligand was 70.1 °C

Real-Time NMPC for Speed Planning of Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Eco-cruising is considered an effective approach for reducing energy consumption of connected vehicles. Most eco-cruising controllers (ECs) do not comply with real-time implementation requirements when a short sampling interval is required. This paper presents a solution to this problem. Model predictive control (MPC) framework was applied to the speed-planning problem for a power-split hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). To overcome the limitations of time-domain MPC (TMPC), a nonlinear space-domain MPC (SMPC) was proposed in the space domain. A real-time iteration (RTI) algorithm was developed to accelerate nonlinear SMPC computations via generating warm initializations and subsequently forming the SMPC-RTI. Proposed speed controllers were evaluated in a hierarchical EC, where a heuristic energy management strategy was selected for powertrain control. Simulation results indicated that the proposed SMPC yields comparable fuel savings to the TMPC and the globally optimal solution. Meanwhile, SMPC reduced MPC computation time by 41% compared to TMPC, and SMPC-RTI further reduced MPC computation time without compromising optimization. During the hardware-in-loop (HIL) test, the mean computation time was 9.86 ms, demonstrating potential for real-time applications

Real-Time NMPC for Speed Planning of Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Eco-cruising is considered an effective approach for reducing energy consumption of connected vehicles. Most eco-cruising controllers (ECs) do not comply with real-time implementation requirements when a short sampling interval is required. This paper presents a solution to this problem. Model predictive control (MPC) framework was applied to the speed-planning problem for a power-split hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). To overcome the limitations of time-domain MPC (TMPC), a nonlinear space-domain MPC (SMPC) was proposed in the space domain. A real-time iteration (RTI) algorithm was developed to accelerate nonlinear SMPC computations via generating warm initializations and subsequently forming the SMPC-RTI. Proposed speed controllers were evaluated in a hierarchical EC, where a heuristic energy management strategy was selected for powertrain control. Simulation results indicated that the proposed SMPC yields comparable fuel savings to the TMPC and the globally optimal solution. Meanwhile, SMPC reduced MPC computation time by 41% compared to TMPC, and SMPC-RTI further reduced MPC computation time without compromising optimization. During the hardware-in-loop (HIL) test, the mean computation time was 9.86 ms, demonstrating potential for real-time applications

The Dataset of Camellia Cultivars Names in the World

The species of the genus Camellia arise in southeast Asia, with 80 percent of the species coming from China. These include economically important C. sinensis (Tea) and C. oleifera (oil) and the decorative C. japonica, C. reticulata and C. sasanqua etc.As camellias had been cultivated for very long time, and had been developed as much popular throughout the world, a very large number of camellias had been cultivated. So far, over 23,000 cultivars, with nearly 45,000 cultivar names including synonyms, have been registered or published. In order to strengthen the system of validity by prior publication, prevent further duplication when selecting names for new cultivars, and assist in clearing up some of the confusion that still clings to a few of the old cultivar names, it is urgently needed to have a dataset to include all camellia cultivars in the long history throughout the world.The camellia cultivar Names were widely collected from books and journals and new registrations through the world, and reviewed by experts in the online working platform, the Database of International Camellia Register. After treating some important issues existed in camellia names, especially those plenty of re-used names and diacritical marks etc. in Japanese cultivars, a dataset of Camellia names was summarized from the year of 1253 to 2019 throughout the world (Table 1). So far totally 45,210 cultivar names were released by different countries, including 23,887 accepted names and 21,323 synonyms or other names. Excluding 3,944 names believed extinct, totally 19,944 cultivar names are present used. Among camellia cultivars, most of them (23,449) were for ornamental, 429 for tea, 228 for oil. Most cultivars (ca. 76.10%) were from C. japonica and its hybrids (19,050), around 5.73% cultivars were from C. sasanqua and its hybrids (1,434), and about 5.72% were from C. reticulata and its hybrids (1,432). Top five origin countries are USA (7,502 cultivars), Japan (6,592), Italy (2,833), China (2,066) and Australia (1,216). After analyzing the relationship of cultivar numbers in different years and countries, the development history of Camellia had close related with those of countries in the world. It is the most comprehensive dataset in the genus Camellia throughout the world managed by International Camellia Registration team, which will facilitate quick reference and scientific naming for breeders, and utilization of camellias through the Belt and Road Initiative

A Dual Hesitant Fuzzy Rough Pattern Recognition Approach Based on Deviation Theories and Its Application in Urban Traffic Modes Recognition

In this paper, the dual hesitant fuzzy rough set (DHFRS) is studied from the viewpoint of assessment deviations. Firstly, according to the relationship between intuitionistic fuzzy set and vague set, the DHFRS is transferred into a fuzzy set, where the membership of any given element to it has multi-grouped values. By the idea of bootstrap sampling, a group of four sets are generated to describe the membership degree on DHFRS, where the elements of the aforementioned sets are all considered as assessment values. Secondly, the generated sets are dealt with by assessment deviation theories, and specifically, two variables are proposed to describe the systematic and random deviations of the sets. Thirdly, the true-value of the membership degree of any elements to the set is estimated by a deviation-based dual hesitant fuzzy rough weighted aggregating operator. Fourthly, a dual hesitant fuzzy rough pattern recognition approach based on assessment deviation theories is proposed. Finally, an urban traffic modes recognition example is given to illustrate the validity of the proposed theories on DHFRSs

Roles of Electrolyte Characterization on Bauxite Electrolysis Desulfurization with Regeneration and Recycling

The recycling of NaCl used as supporting electrolyte for bauxite electrolysis was carried out in this study. The electrolyte was regenerated by adding anhydrous CaCl2 into the solution after filtration, and effects of electrolyte characterization on bauxite electrolysis were examined by observing the change in desulfurization ratio and cell voltage. The results indicated that the desulfurization ratio increased with increasing recycling times of electrolyte. In the meantime, the increase in recycling times has led to the decrease in pH value as well as the increase in Fe ion concentration in the electrolyte, which were the main reasons for the increase in the desulfurization ratio with increasing recycling of electrolyte. The pH value of electrolyte after second electrolysis was lower than 1.5, and the desulfurization ratio increased obviously due to the increase in Fe3+ concentration and suppression of jarosite formation. The increase in Ca2+ concentration did not apparently change desulfurization ratio and anode surface activity. However, with Ca2+ addition, the cathode surface was covered by CaSO4 center dot nH(2)O, thus resulting in the increase of cell voltage. (C) The Minerals, Metals &amp; Materials Society and ASM International 2016</p