Gene expression profile indicates involvement of NO in Camellia sinensis pollen tube growth at low temperature

DEGs identified from the comparison between control (CsPT-CK) and 4 °C-treated (CsPT-LT) pollen tbues. All of the samples were replicated three times. CK and LT FPKM: fragments per kb per million reads for each unigene in the CK and LT libraries, respectively. The log2Ratio (LT/CK): ratio between the FPKM of LT and CK. The absolute values of log2Ratio > 1 and probability > 0.7 were used as threshold for assigning significance. Annotation of DEGs against NR, NT, Swiss-Prot protein, KEGG, COG and GO were all reported in the tables. “-”: no hit. (XLS 381 kb

Backdoor Attacks on Crowd Counting

Crowd counting is a regression task that estimates the number of people in a scene image, which plays a vital role in a range of safety-critical applications, such as video surveillance, traffic monitoring and flow control. In this paper, we investigate the vulnerability of deep learning based crowd counting models to backdoor attacks, a major security threat to deep learning. A backdoor attack implants a backdoor trigger into a target model via data poisoning so as to control the model's predictions at test time. Different from image classification models on which most of existing backdoor attacks have been developed and tested, crowd counting models are regression models that output multi-dimensional density maps, thus requiring different techniques to manipulate. In this paper, we propose two novel Density Manipulation Backdoor Attacks (DMBA$^{-}$ and DMBA$^{+}$) to attack the model to produce arbitrarily large or small density estimations. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our DMBA attacks on five classic crowd counting models and four types of datasets. We also provide an in-depth analysis of the unique challenges of backdooring crowd counting models and reveal two key elements of effective attacks: 1) full and dense triggers and 2) manipulation of the ground truth counts or density maps. Our work could help evaluate the vulnerability of crowd counting models to potential backdoor attacks.Comment: To appear in ACMMM 2022. 10pages, 6 figures and 2 table

Protective Effect of Anthocyanin on Neurovascular Unit in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats

Treating cerebral ischemia continues to be a clinical challenge. Studies have shown that the neurovascular unit (NVU), as the central structural basis, plays a key role in cerebral ischemia. Here, we report that anthocyanin, a safe and natural antioxidant, could inhibit apoptosis and inflammation to protect NVU in rats impaired by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Administration of anthocyanin significantly reduced infarct volume and neurological scores in MCAO/R rats. Anthocyanin could also markedly ameliorate cerebral edema and reduce the concentration of Evans blue (EB) by inhibiting MMP-9. Moreover, anthocyanin alleviated apoptotic injury resulting from MCAO/R through the regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins. The levels of inflammation-related molecules including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which were over-expressed with MCAO/R, were decreased by anthocyanin. In addition, Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway might be involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of anthocyanin. In conclusion, anthocyanin could protect the NVU through multiple pathways, and play a protective role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Identification of QTL and candidate genes for Pb accumulation in maize at maturity stage

Pb stress.which were located on chromosome 2 and 6 respectively. The two genes were dramatically up-regulated during led to the identification of two Pb-responsive genes from those QTLs, GRMZM2G137161 and GRMZM2G132995, in different tissues, including roots, stems, leaves, and kernels. Furthermore, RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR analysis correlated with stems. A total of 20 QTLs at logarithm of odds (LOD) ratio ≥3 were detected for Pb concentration tissues of maize were roots > leaves > stems > kernels. The Pb concentration of kernels was higher significantly stems and leaves ( P < 0.01). The present study has demonstrated that the trend of Pb concentration in different tissues and all the DH lines (P < 0.01). Pb concentration of kernels displayed significant positive relationships with leaves, and kernels were measured. There was a wide distribution of Pb concentration among the mentioned four ). Pb concentrations in roots, stems, -1 solution (500 mg kg2)3filled up with soil which was stressed with a Pb(NOidentified using 207 IBM10 DH at maturity stage. The IBM10 DH and parents were planted in pots which were important insights for protecting the environment. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Pb accumulation in maize were L) may provide Zea maysthe genetic basis for the underlying mechanism of tolerance for lead responses in maize (Lead (Pb) has become one of the most abundant heavy metal pollutants of the environment. Understandin

Case Report: A Novel COL1A1 Missense Mutation Associated With Dentineogenesis Imperfecta Type I

Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a clinical and genetic disorder that results in bone fragility, blue sclerae and dentineogenesis imperfecta (DGI), which is mainly caused by a mutation in the COL1A1 or COL1A2 genes, which encode type I procollagen.Case Report: A missense mutation (c.1463G &gt; C) in exon 22 of the COL1A1 gene was found using whole-exome sequencing. However, the cases reported herein only exhibited a clinical DGI-I phenotype. There were no cases of bone disease or any other common abnormal symptom caused by a COL1A1 mutation. In addition, the ultrastructural analysis of the tooth affected with non-syndromic DGI-I showed that the abnormal dentine was accompanied by the disruption of odontoblast polarization, a reduced number of odontoblasts, a reduction in hardness and elasticity, and the loss of dentinal tubules, suggesting a severe developmental disorder. We also investigated the odontoblast differentiation ability using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) that were isolated from a patient with DGI-I and cultured. Stem cells isolated from patients with DGI-I are important to elucidate their pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms to develop regenerative therapies.Conclusion: This study can provide new insights into the phenotype-genotype association in collagen-associated diseases and improve the clinical diagnosis of OI/DGI-I

Effects of high CD4 cell counts on death and attrition among HIV patients receiving antiretroviral treatment: an observational cohort study

Current WHO guidelines recommend initiating ART regardless of CD4+ cell count. In response, we conducted an observational cohort study to assess the effects of pre-ART CD4+ cell count levels on death, attrition, and death or attrition in HIV treated patients. This large HIV treatment cohort study (n = 49,155) from 2010 to 2015 was conducted in Guangxi, China. We used a Cox regression model to analyze associations between pre-ART CD4+ cell counts and death, attrition, and death or attrition. The average mortality and ART attrition rates among all treated patients were 2.63 deaths and 5.32 attritions per 100 person-years, respectively. Compared to HIV patients with 500 CD4+ cells/mm 3 at ART initiation had a significantly lower mortality rate (Adjusted hazard ratio: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.40-0.79), but significantly higher ART attrition rate (AHR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03-1.33). Results from this study suggest that HIV patients with high CD4+ cell counts at the time of ART initiation may be at greater risk of treatment attrition. To further reduce ART attrition, it is imperative that patient education and healthcare provider training on ART adherence be enhanced and account for CD4 levels at ART initiation