42 research outputs found
Integrating Satellites and Mobile Edge Computing for 6G Wide-Area Edge Intelligence: Minimal Structures and Systematic Thinking
The sixth-generation (6G) network will shift its focus to supporting everything including various machine-type devices (MTDs) in an every-one-centric manner. To ubiquitously cover the MTDs working in rural and disastrous areas, satellite communications become indispensable, while mobile edge computing (MEC) also plays an increasingly crucial role. Their sophisticated integration enables wide-area edge intelligence which promises to facilitate globally-distributed customized services. In this article, we present typical use cases of integrated satellite-MEC networks and discuss the main challenges therein. Inspired by the protein structure and the systematic engineering methodology, we propose three minimal integrating structures, based on which a complex integrated satellite-MEC network can be treated as their extension and combination. We discuss the unique characteristics and key problems of each minimal structure. Accordingly, we establish an on-demand network orchestration framework to enrich the hierarchy of network management, which further leads to a process-oriented network optimization method. On that basis, a case study is utilized to showcase the benefits of on-demand network orchestration and process-oriented network optimization. Finally, we outline potential research issues to envision a more intelligent, more secure, and greener integrated network
Satellite-MEC Integration for 6G Internet of Things: Minimal Structures, Advances, and Prospects
The sixth-generation (6G) network is envisioned to shift its focus from the
service requirements of human beings' to those of Internet-of-Things (IoT)
devices'. Satellite communications are indispensable in 6G to support IoT
devices operating in rural or disastrous areas. However, satellite networks
face the inherent challenges of low data rate and large latency, which may not
support computation-intensive and delay-sensitive IoT applications. Mobile Edge
Computing (MEC) is a burgeoning paradigm by extending cloud computing
capabilities to the network edge. By utilizing MEC technologies, the
resource-limited IoT devices can access abundant computation resources with low
latency, which enables the highly demanding applications while meeting strict
delay requirements. Therefore, an integration of satellite communications and
MEC technologies is necessary to better enable 6G IoT. In this survey, we
provide a holistic overview of satellite-MEC integration. We first discuss the
main challenges of the integrated satellite-MEC network and propose three
minimal integrating structures. For each minimal structure, we summarize the
current advances in terms of their research topics, after which we discuss the
lessons learned and future directions of the minimal structure. Finally, we
outline potential research issues to envision a more intelligent, more secure,
and greener integrated satellite-MEC network
Electronic correlations and flattened band in magnetic Weyl semimetal candidate Co3Sn2S2
The interplay between electronic correlations and topological protection may
offer a rich avenue for discovering emergent quantum phenomena in condensed
matter. However, electronic correlations have so far been little investigated
in Weyl semimetals (WSMs) by experiments. Here, we report a combined optical
spectroscopy and theoretical calculation study on the strength of electronic
correlations in a kagome magnet Co3Sn2S2 and the influence of electronic
correlations on its WSM state expected within a single-particle picture. The
electronic kinetic energy estimated from our optical data is about half of that
obtained from single-particle ab initio calculations, which indicates
intermediate-strength electronic correlations in this system. Furthermore,
comparing the energy ratios between the interband-transition peaks at high
energies in the experimental and single-particle-ab-initio-calculation derived
optical conductivity spectra with the electronic bandwidth renormalization
factors obtained by many-body calculations enables us to estimate the
Coulomb-interaction strength (U ~ 4 eV) of electronic correlations in Co3Sn2S2.
Our many-body calculations with U ~ 4 eV show that a WSM state, which is
characterized by bulk Weyl cones and surface Fermi arcs, survives in this
correlated electron system. Besides, a sharp experimental optical conductivity
peak at low energy, which is absent in the
single-particle-ab-initio-calculation-derived optical conductivity spectrum but
is consistent with the optical conductivity peaks obtained by many-body
calculations, indicates that an electronic band connecting the two Weyl cones
is flattened by electronic correlations and emerges near the Fermi energy in
Co3Sn2S2. Our work paves the way for exploring flat-band-generated quantum
phenomena in WSMs
Tightly-bound and room-temperature-stable excitons in van der Waals degenerate-semiconductor Bi4O4SeCl2 with high charge-carrier density
Excitons, which represent a type of quasi-particles consisting of
electron-hole pairs bound by the mutual Coulomb interaction, were often
observed in lowly-doped semiconductors or insulators. However, realizing
excitons in the semiconductors or insulators with high charge carrier densities
is a challenging task. Here, we perform infrared spectroscopy, electrical
transport, ab initio calculation, and angle-resolved-photoemission spectroscopy
studies of a van der Waals degenerate-semiconductor Bi4O4SeCl2. A peak-like
feature (i.e., alpha peak) is present around ~ 125 meV in the optical
conductivity spectra at low temperature T = 8 K and room temperature. After
being excluded from the optical excitations of free carriers, interband
transitions, localized states and polarons, the alpha peak is assigned as the
exciton absorption. Moreover, assuming the existence of weakly-bound
excitons--Wannier-type excitons in this material violates the
Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation. Besides, the exciton binding energy of ~ 375
meV, which is about an order of magnitude larger than those of conventional
semiconductors, and the charge-carrier concentration of ~ 1.25 * 10^19 cm^-3,
which is higher than the Mott density, further indicate that the excitons in
this highly-doped system should be tightly bound. Our results pave the way for
developing the optoelectronic devices based on the tightly-bound and
room-temperature-stable excitons in highly-doped van der Waals degenerate
semiconductors.Comment: Accepted by Communications Material
Semaphorin 3A Contributes to Secondary Blood–Brain Barrier Damage After Traumatic Brain Injury
Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) is a member of the Semaphorins family, a class of membrane-associated protein that participates in the construction of nerve networks. SEMA3A has been reported to affect vascular permeability previously, but its influence in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still unknown. To investigate the effects of SEMA3A, we used a mouse TBI model with a controlled cortical impact (CCI) device and a blood–brain barrier (BBB) injury model in vitro with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). We tested post-TBI changes in SEMA3A, and its related receptors (Nrp-1 and plexin-A1) expression and distribution through western blotting and double-immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Neurological outcomes were evaluated by modified neurological severity scores (mNSSs) and beam-walking test. We examined BBB damage through Evans Blue dye extravasation, brain water content, and western blotting for VE-cadherin and p-VE-cadherin in vivo, and we examined the endothelial cell barrier through hopping probe ion conductance microscopy (HPICM), transwell leakage, and western blotting for VE-cadherin and p-VE-cadherin in vitro. Changes in miR-30b-5p were assessed by RT-PCR. Finally, the neuroprotective function of miR-30b-5p is measured by brain water content, mNSSs and beam-walking test. SEMA3A expression varied following TBI and peaked on the third day which expressed approximate fourfold increase compared with sham group, with the protein concentrated at the lesion boundary. SEMA3A contributed to neurological function deficits and secondary BBB damage in vivo. Our results demonstrated that SEMA3A level following OGD injury almost doubled than control group, and the negative effects of OGD injury can be improved by blocking SEMA3A expression. Furthermore, the expression of miR-30b-5p decreased approximate 40% at the third day and 60% at the seventh day post-CCI. OGD injury also exhibited an effect to approximately decrease 50% of miR-30b-5p expression. Additionally, the expression of SEMA3A post-TBI is regulated by miR-30b-5p, and miR-30b-5p could improve neurological outcomes post-TBI efficiently. Our results demonstrate that SEMA3A is a significant factor in secondary BBB damage after TBI and can be abolished by miR-30b-5p, which represents a potential therapeutic target
Estimates for the commutators of operator Vα∇(−Δ+V)−β
Abstract Let a function b belong to the space BMOθ(ρ) , which is larger than the space BMO(Rn) , and let a nonnegative potential V belong to the reverse Hölder class RHs with n/2<s<n , n≥3 . Define the commutator [b,Tβ]f=bTβf−Tβ(bf) , where the operator Tβ=Vα∇L−β , β−α=12 , 12<β≤1 , and L=−Δ+V is the Schrödinger operator. We have obtained the Lp -boundedness of the commutator [b,Tβ]f and we have proved that the commutator is bounded from the Hardy space HL1(Rn) into weak L1(Rn)
Marcinkiewicz Integrals on Weighted Weak Hardy Spaces
We prove that, under the condition Ω∈Lipα, Marcinkiewicz integral μΩ is bounded from weighted weak Hardy space WHwpRn to weighted weak Lebesgue space WLwpRn for maxn/n+1/2,n/n+α<p≤1, where w belongs to the Muckenhoupt weight class. We also give weaker smoothness condition assumed on Ω to imply the boundedness of μΩ from WHw1ℝn to WLw1Rn
Oscillation and variation inequalities for the multilinear singular integrals related to Lipschitz functions
Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to establish the weighted ( L p , L q ) inequalities of the oscillation and variation operators for the multilinear Calderón-Zygmund singular integral with a Lipschitz function