Assessment of Agreements in Linear and Generalized Linear Mixed Models

Study of measuring agreement is intend to evaluate whether the readings from one rater/ measurement agree with those from other raters/measurements. In this dissertation, we are going to present a general method to assess agreement for a large variety of data with repeated measurements using linear and generalized linear mixed models. In the first place, a set of agreement statistics, including mean square deviation, concordance correlation coefficient, precision and accuracy coefficients, is presented for evaluating the intra-, inter-, and total-rater agreement in the multiple-rater and multiple-replications cases. Secondly, likelihood-based approaches are developed to estimate all the agreement statistics. Asymptotic properties of these estimates are also discussed for different data structures. Furthermore, our method has the merit of handling missing values and covariates naturally, and a new set of restricted agreement statistics is proposed in order to capture the true random variations and between-instrument effects adjusted for the covariate effects. Simulations for both linear and generalized linear mixed models are conducted to show the accuracy and effectiveness of our approaches. In the end, two industry datasets are evaluated using our approach. One is the cardiac function measurements used to determine the agreement between impedance cardiography and radionuclide ventriculography estimates, and the other one is an antihypertensive patch dataset given by FDA for assessing individual bioequivalence

Supplementary document for Etchless photonic integrated circuits enabled by bound states in the continuum: tutorial - 6445775.pdf

Detailed simulation processes with COMSO

Sodium butyrate improves mitochondrial function and kidney tissue injury in diabetic kidney disease via the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway

Investigate the mechanism of how sodium butyrate (NaBut) improves mitochondrial function and kidney tissue injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) via the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway. Assess the effects of NaBut on glucose and insulin tolerance, urine, and gut microbial composition in db/db and db/m mice. Use flow cytometry and western blotting to detect the effects of NaBut on apoptosis, kidney mitochondrial function, and AMPK/PGC-1α signaling. Use HK-2 cells induced by high glucose (HG) to establish the DKD model in vitro and detect changes in the AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway and mitochondrial function after NaBut intervention. NaBut attenuated blood glucose levels and reversed increases in urine and serum levels of glucose, BUN, Ucr, TG, TC, and UAE in db/db mice. NaBut improved insulin tolerance, reversed PGC-1α and p-AMPK expression level in the kidneys of db/db mice, and improved lipid accumulation and mitochondrial function. NaBut was able to reverse the effects of elevated glucose, compound C, and siRNA-PGC on ROS and ATP levels. Additionally, it increased protein expression of PGC-1α and p-AMPK. NaBut activates the kidney mitochondrial AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway and improves mitochondrial dysfunction in DKD, thus protecting kidney tissue in vitro and in vivo.</p

Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of Acrylic Acid and Amide with Alkynes: A Practical Route to Synthesize α‑Pyrones and Pyridones

A range of internal alkynes smoothly underwent palladium-catalyzed oxidative annulations with acrylic acid and amide to afford α-pyrones and pyridones in good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity. The usage of O₂ (1 atm) as a stoichiometric oxidant with H₂O as the only byproduct under mild conditions makes this process more attractive and practical

Aromatic Heterocyclic Organic Spacer Cation-Assisted Growth of Large-Grain-Size 2DRP Perovskite Film for Enhanced Solar Cell Performance

Organic spacer cations play an important role in the aggregation of two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper (2DRP) L′2Ln–1BnX3n+1 perovskite precursors. Therefore, it is necessary to study how mixed A′ spacer cations affect the aggregation behavior of precursors and the carrier transport properties of 2DRP films. Herein, a novel spacer cation 4-pyridinylmethylammonium (PyA) is introduced to prepare a new mixed spacer cation 2DRP (BA1–xPyAx)2MA3Pb4I13 perovskite. The incorporation of PyA suppresses the precursor aggregation and reduces the transformation energy of the sol–gel to the directional three-dimensional phase, leading to the formation of large-grain-size 2DRP perovskite films. The PyA-based 2DRP perovskite exhibits efficient carrier transport owing to fewer defects and suppressed nonradiative recombination. Thus, the champion efficiency of 13.01% is achieved for BA- and PyA-based devices. The unencapsulated PyA-based devices maintain 98% of their initial efficiency after storage under nitrogen atmosphere for 1200 h. This work paves the way for preparing a large-grain-size 2DRP perovskite by suppressing precursor aggregation

Performance of fusion techniques with varying percentage of AF attackers.

<p>(a) the error probability. (b) the number of samples.</p

Cooperative spectrum sensing model in the presence of Byzantine attack.

<p>Cooperative spectrum sensing model in the presence of Byzantine attack.</p

Performance of fusion techniques under (<i>α</i>, <i>β</i>) = (0.8, 0.8).

<p>(a) the error probability. (b) the number of samples.</p

Synthesis of Sulfonylated Lactones via Ag-Catalyzed Cascade Sulfonylation/Cyclization of 1,6-Enynes with Sodium Sulfinates

A novel strategy for the synthesis of sulfonylated lactones via Ag-catalyzed radical addition/cyclization reaction of 1,6-enynes and sodium sulfinates has been developed. The reaction presents high stereoselectivity under mild conditions with C4 prochiral center construction in one step. The ESR experiments and relevant mechanistic studies indicated that a radical pathway should be involved in this transformation

Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization of 2‑Ethynylanilines with Isocyanides: Regioselective Synthesis of 4‑Halo-2-aminoquinolines

A robust and regioselective palladium-catalyzed intermolecular aerobic oxidative cyclization of 2-ethynylanilines with isocyanides to the synthesis of 4-halo-2-aminoquinolines is reported herein. The procedure constructs various 4-halo-2-aminoquinolines with moderate to excellent yields (47–94%) and broad substrates scope. Furthermore, this process can be easily extended to synthesis of various 6<i>H</i>-indolo­[2,3-<i>b</i>]­quinolines via an intramolecular Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling reaction in two-step one-pot manner