Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Related effects of methamphetamine on the intestinal barrier via cytokines, and potential mechanisms by which methamphetamine may occur on the brain-gut axis.

Methamphetamine (METH) is an illegal drug widely abused in many countries. Methamphetamine abuse is a major health and social problem all over the world. However, the effects of METH on the digestive system have rarely been reported. Previous studies and clinical cases have shown that METH use can lead to the impaired intestinal barrier function and severe digestive diseases. METH can cause multiple organ dysfunction, especially in the central nervous system (CNS). The gut microbiota are involved in the development of various CNS-related diseases the gut-brain axis (GBA). Here, we describe the related effects of METH on the intestinal barrier cytokines and the underlying mechanisms by which METH may occur in the brain-gut axis

Melt electrowriting (MEW)-PCL composite Three-Dimensional exosome hydrogel scaffold for wound healing

While mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes hold substantial potential in wound healing, challenges persist in terms of large-scale production and activity of 2D-culture derived exosome, as well as addressing their inactivation and loss during application. 3D exosomes can be produced more efficiently and possess higher activity. However, there lacks a delivery patch mimicking nanofibrous architecture of the extracellular matrix while facilitating the in situ delivery of exosomes, thereby minimizing dissipation of exosomes and accelerating the process of wound healing. In this study, we devised a controllable GelMA hydrogel-combined Melt Electrowriting (MEW)-PCL scaffold for in situ 3D-exosome release. We showed that biocompatible scaffolds prepared by MEW have a simulated extracellular matrix with a highly controllable arrangement of nanofibers that can support cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Through cell proliferation, scratch assay, and tube formation experiments, we verified that 3D exosomes could effectively stimulate cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation, with dose-dependent effects. In vivo outcomes exhibited accelerated re-epithelialization, improved collagen maturation, and enhanced angiogenesis. Our findings suggest that 3D-cultured exosomes within the scaffold significantly enhance wound repair. This innovative delivery strategy opens up new avenues for the application of MSC-derived exosomes in wound healing

Breaking Low-Strain and Deep-Potassiation Trade-Off in Alloy Anodes via Bonding Modulation for High-Performance K‑Ion Batteries

Alloy anode materials have garnered unprecedented attention for potassium storage due to their high theoretical capacity. However, the substantial structural strain associated with deep potassiation results in serious electrode fragmentation and inadequate K-alloying reactions. Effectively reconciling the trade-off between low-strain and deep-potassiation in alloy anodes poses a considerable challenge due to the larger size of K-ions compared to Li/Na-ions. In this study, we propose a chemical bonding modulation strategy through single-atom modification to address the volume expansion of alloy anodes during potassiation. Using black phosphorus (BP) as a representative and generalizing to other alloy anodes, we established a robust P–S covalent bonding network via sulfur doping. This network exhibits sustained stability across discharge–charge cycles, elevating the modulus of K–P compounds by 74%, effectively withstanding the high strain induced by the potassiation process. Additionally, the bonding modulation reduces the formation energies of potassium phosphides, facilitating a deeper potassiation of the BP anode. As a result, the modified BP anode exhibits a high reversible capacity and extended operational lifespan, coupled with a high areal capacity. This work introduces a new perspective on overcoming the trade-off between low-strain and deep-potassiation in alloy anodes for the development of high-energy and stable potassium-ion batteries

Breaking Low-Strain and Deep-Potassiation Trade-Off in Alloy Anodes via Bonding Modulation for High-Performance K‑Ion Batteries

Alloy anode materials have garnered unprecedented attention for potassium storage due to their high theoretical capacity. However, the substantial structural strain associated with deep potassiation results in serious electrode fragmentation and inadequate K-alloying reactions. Effectively reconciling the trade-off between low-strain and deep-potassiation in alloy anodes poses a considerable challenge due to the larger size of K-ions compared to Li/Na-ions. In this study, we propose a chemical bonding modulation strategy through single-atom modification to address the volume expansion of alloy anodes during potassiation. Using black phosphorus (BP) as a representative and generalizing to other alloy anodes, we established a robust P–S covalent bonding network via sulfur doping. This network exhibits sustained stability across discharge–charge cycles, elevating the modulus of K–P compounds by 74%, effectively withstanding the high strain induced by the potassiation process. Additionally, the bonding modulation reduces the formation energies of potassium phosphides, facilitating a deeper potassiation of the BP anode. As a result, the modified BP anode exhibits a high reversible capacity and extended operational lifespan, coupled with a high areal capacity. This work introduces a new perspective on overcoming the trade-off between low-strain and deep-potassiation in alloy anodes for the development of high-energy and stable potassium-ion batteries

Breaking Low-Strain and Deep-Potassiation Trade-Off in Alloy Anodes via Bonding Modulation for High-Performance K‑Ion Batteries

Alloy anode materials have garnered unprecedented attention for potassium storage due to their high theoretical capacity. However, the substantial structural strain associated with deep potassiation results in serious electrode fragmentation and inadequate K-alloying reactions. Effectively reconciling the trade-off between low-strain and deep-potassiation in alloy anodes poses a considerable challenge due to the larger size of K-ions compared to Li/Na-ions. In this study, we propose a chemical bonding modulation strategy through single-atom modification to address the volume expansion of alloy anodes during potassiation. Using black phosphorus (BP) as a representative and generalizing to other alloy anodes, we established a robust P–S covalent bonding network via sulfur doping. This network exhibits sustained stability across discharge–charge cycles, elevating the modulus of K–P compounds by 74%, effectively withstanding the high strain induced by the potassiation process. Additionally, the bonding modulation reduces the formation energies of potassium phosphides, facilitating a deeper potassiation of the BP anode. As a result, the modified BP anode exhibits a high reversible capacity and extended operational lifespan, coupled with a high areal capacity. This work introduces a new perspective on overcoming the trade-off between low-strain and deep-potassiation in alloy anodes for the development of high-energy and stable potassium-ion batteries

Breaking Low-Strain and Deep-Potassiation Trade-Off in Alloy Anodes via Bonding Modulation for High-Performance K‑Ion Batteries

Alloy anode materials have garnered unprecedented attention for potassium storage due to their high theoretical capacity. However, the substantial structural strain associated with deep potassiation results in serious electrode fragmentation and inadequate K-alloying reactions. Effectively reconciling the trade-off between low-strain and deep-potassiation in alloy anodes poses a considerable challenge due to the larger size of K-ions compared to Li/Na-ions. In this study, we propose a chemical bonding modulation strategy through single-atom modification to address the volume expansion of alloy anodes during potassiation. Using black phosphorus (BP) as a representative and generalizing to other alloy anodes, we established a robust P–S covalent bonding network via sulfur doping. This network exhibits sustained stability across discharge–charge cycles, elevating the modulus of K–P compounds by 74%, effectively withstanding the high strain induced by the potassiation process. Additionally, the bonding modulation reduces the formation energies of potassium phosphides, facilitating a deeper potassiation of the BP anode. As a result, the modified BP anode exhibits a high reversible capacity and extended operational lifespan, coupled with a high areal capacity. This work introduces a new perspective on overcoming the trade-off between low-strain and deep-potassiation in alloy anodes for the development of high-energy and stable potassium-ion batteries