Правовые аспекты способов монетизации прав в индустрии компьютерных игр

The subject. The authors attempt a legal analysis of several forms of monetization of rights to computer games.The purpose of the article is the legal qualification of donations, crowdfunding, loot boxes as means of monetization.The research methodology includes general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as specific scientific methods of comparative law and formal legal analysis.The scientific problem of the article lies in the existing contradiction between the rapid development of the computer games market and the state of modern legal science in terms of scientific understanding and regulation of the entertainment industry.The main results, scope of application. There are two main forms of public funding in the gaming industry: (1) donations; (2) crowdfunding. Donations are more common for streamers, crowdfunding for computer developers. Donat is money sent without the condition of reciprocity. In recent years, crowdfunding has become a common way to attract investments. The purchase of a digital (or physical) copy of a game is the acquisition of the right to use (access) a computer game. Therefore, the funds we transfer are investments. We become beneficiaries of the published product. As a result, the developer will have to pay taxes on the funds raised. A loot box is a virtual item – a random set of additional features.The process of loot distribution is similar to a game of chance: players choose the level of need for a thing. Lootbox, despite the deceived expectations of the player, still brings some benefits to the player. In other words, the player pays a few dollars and expects to receive something of value in return, but the amount of winnings can be both large and small. In this regard, it seems that the loot box is a classic win-win lottery. Therefore, loot boxes should not be equated with gambling, otherwise the gaming industry could respond by referring to the need to include lotteries (and insurance) as gambling. At the same time, the similarity of several elements indicates that there is always a risk of turning a computer game into gambling.Conclusions. There are a number of ways to monetize the material incentives for players. These methods include donations, funds received in the course of crowdinvesting, as well as loot boxes. Donations are an intermediate phenomenon between donation and payment. For individuals, income from donations will not be taxed if there is no consideration. Also, sometimes donations should be understood as funds from crowdinvestments, which developers sometimes collect to create the next game. These funds, in most cases, should still be treated as developer income, not donations. The boundary between the payment of in-game property and gambling is the phenomenon of loot boxes, which should be qualified as a win-win lottery.Предпринимается попытка юридического анализа нескольких форм монетизации прав на компьютерные игры. Ключевыми объектами исследования выступают донаты, лутбоксы и средства от краудинвестирования. Дается юридическая квалификация данным формам монетизации, которые, несмотря на неоднозначное их толкование с точки зрения гражданского законодательства, требуют более глубокого правового исследования

Tensor analyzing power Ayy in deuteron inclusive breakup at large Pt and spin structure of deuteron at short internucleonic distances

The Ayy data for deuteron inclusive breakup off hydrogen and carbon at a deuteron momentum of 9.0 GeV/c and large Pt of emitted protons are presented. The large values of Ayy independent of the target mass reflect the sensitivity of the data to the deuteron spin structure. The data obtained at fixed $x$ and plotted versus Pt clearly demonstrate the dependence of the deuteron spin structure at short internucleonic distances on two variables. The data are compared with the calculations using Paris, CD-Bonn and Karmanov's deuteron wave functions.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, talk given at the SPIN2004 Conf., 10-16 Oct. 2004, Triest, Ital

Spin Susceptibility of Ga-Stabilized delta-Pu Probed by {69}^Ga NMR

Spin susceptibility of stabilized \delta phase in the Pu-Ga alloy is studied by measuring {69,71}^Ga NMR spectra and nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate {69}T_{1}^{-1} in the temperature range 5 - 350 K. The shift ({69}^K) of the {69,71}^Ga NMR line and {69}^T_{1}^{-1} are controlled correspondingly by the static and the fluctuating in time parts of local magnetic field arisen at nonmagnetic gallium due to transferred hyperfine coupling with the nearest f electron environment of the more magnetic Pu. The nonmonotonic with a maximum around 150 K behavior of {69}^K(T) \chi_{s,5f}(T) is attributed to the peculiarities in temperature dependence of the f electron spin susceptibility \chi_{s,5f}(T) in \delta phase of plutonium. The temperature reversibility being observed in {69}^K(T) data provides strong evidence for an electronic instability developed with T in f electron bands near the Fermi energy and accompanied with a pseudogap-like decrease of \chi_{s,5f}(T) at T<150 K. The NMR data at high temperature are in favor of the mainly localized character of 5f electrons in \delta phase of the alloy with characteristic spin-fluctuation energy \Gamma(T) T^{0.35(5)}, which is close to $\Gamma(T) T^{0.5} predicted by Cox et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 57, 3166 (1985)] for 3D Kondo-system above T_Kondo}. The dynamic spin correlations of 5f electrons become essential to consider for {69}^T_{1}^{-1}(T) only at T<100 K. However, no NMR evidences favoring formation of the static magnetic order in \delta-Pu were revealed down to 5K .Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Transcatheter surgery of residual right ventricular outflow tract stenosis

Over the past 40 years, various types of prostheses have been developed for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. However, conduit stenosis and insufficiency due to valve degeneration occur frequently, decreasing the lifetime of patients. Transcatheter stenting of conduits does not always give favorable results and can lead to severe pulmonary regurgitation. The novel method of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation is a good alternative to the surgical intervention according to data on long-term survival and quality of life

Collective and static properties of model two-component plasmas

Classical MD data on the charge-charge dynamic structure factor of two-component plasmas (TCP) modeled in Phys. Rev. A 23, 2041 (1981) are analyzed using the sum rules and other exact relations. The convergent power moments of the imaginary part of the model system dielectric function are expressed in terms of its partial static structure factors, which are computed by the method of hypernetted chains using the Deutsch effective potential. High-frequency asymptotic behavior of the dielectric function is specified to include the effects of inverse bremsstrahlung. The agreement with the MD data is improved, and important statistical characteristics of the model TCP, such as the probability to find both electron and ion at one point, are determined.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables. Published in Physical Review E http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v76/e02640

Tensor Ayy and vector Ay analyzing powers in the H(d,d')X and ^{12}C(d,d')X reactons at initial deuteron momenta of 9 GeV/c in the region of baryonic resonances excitation

The angular dependence of the tensor Ayy and vector Ay analyzing powers in the inelastic scattering of deuterons with a momentum of 9.0 GeV/c on hydrogen and carbon have been measured. The range of measurements corresponds to the baryonic resonance excitation with masses 2.2--2.6 GeV/c^2. The Ayy data being in good agreement with the previous results demonstrate an approximate $t$ scaling up to -1.5 (GeV/c)^2. The large values of A_y show a significant role of the spin-dependent part of the elementary amplitude of the NN->NN* reaction. The results of the experiment are compared with model predictions of the plane-wave impulse approximation.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures. submitted to Yad.Fi

Pilot assessment of the USMU students’ readiness towards distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic

The article presents the results of a pilot assessment of the readiness of 5th-year students of the General Medicine Faculty of the Ural State Medical University on the basis of an online questionnaire on the readiness to use distance learning technologies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.В статье представлены результаты пилотной оценки готовности студентов 5 курса лечебно-профилактического факультета Уральского государственного медицинского университета на основании онлайнанкетирования по вопросам готовности к применению дистанционных технологий обучения в условиях пандемии COVID-19

Stopping of relativistic projectiles in two-component plasmas

Relativistic and correlation contributions to the polarizational energy losses of heavy projectiles moving in dense two-component plasmas are analyzed within the method of moments that allows one to reconstruct the Lindhard loss function from its three independently known power frequency moments. The techniques employed result in a thorough separation of the relativistic and correlation corrections to the classical asymptotic form for the polarizational losses obtained by Bethe and Larkin. The above corrections are studied numerically at different values of plasma parameters to show that the relativistic contribution enhances only slightly the corresponding value of the stopping power.This research was financially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia Project No. ENE2010-21116-C02-02 and by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan under Grants No. 1128/GF, 1129/GF and 1099/GF. IMT acknowledges the hospitality of the al-Farabi Kazakh National University.Arkhipov, YV.; Ashikbayeva, AB.; Askaruly, A.; Davletov, AE.; Tkachenko Gorski, IM. (2013). Stopping of relativistic projectiles in two-component plasmas. EPL. 104(3):35003-p1-35003-p6. https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/104/35003S35003-p135003-p6104