Development of professional tolerance in medical students through professionally-oriented foreign language training

Global sociocultural transformations in the modern world are associated with expansive digitalisation and its impact on human life. Given the advantages of digital technology development, a number of significant problems arise, in particular, social differentiation, commercialisation of socionomic professions, information consumerism, emotional estrangement due to the virtualisation of communication, a shift in value orientations, replacement of traditional moral norms with their destructive simulacra. There is a clear need for intensification of educational activities in higher education focused on the humanisation of public consciousness, the promotion of social cohesion and the development of the moral backbone of an individual. Hence, it is necessary to refer to the theoretical and methodological foundations of tolerance development in students. The aim of this article is to clarify the concept of professional tolerance of a doctor and describe the strategy of its development in students in the process of foreign language training. Considering the issue of professional education of future doctors, the authors note that the vector of students’ spiritual and moral development is determined by the values, attitudes, and norms of medical ethics and deontology. Herewith, the principle of tolerance is of the basic ones since professional medical practice is based on regular interpersonal interaction. The authors define the concept of a doctor’s professional tolerance as the willingness to provide patients with high-quality medical care regardless of the heterogeneity of socio-cultural factors and subjective personal aspects. This concept assumes the doctor’s tact, empathy, psychological flexibility and poise. The proposed strategy for the development of professional medical tolerance in students via professionally-oriented foreign language training involves the holistic formation of its cognitive, affective and conative components through the educational content and the parity in subject-subject interaction. In the development of the cognitive component, considerable importance is ascribed to supplementing the basic educational materials by authentic content of social and professional orientation. The connecting link of the development of cognitive and affective components is the identification and levelling of stereotypes and prejudices regarding socially significant diseases. The basis for the development of the affective component is pedagogical tolerance, a favourable educational environment, interactive activities at classes, and the facilitation of students’ reflection. The development of the conative component of tolerance is directly tied to the development of professional communicative competence of future doctors: the study and development of various speech clichés in the format of interaction with patients; revision of politeness formulas; practicing non-verbal communication means in playing out quasi-professional situations; mastering the speech norms “plain language” and “people-first language”

Septoriablotch epidemic process on spring wheat varieties

The Septoriablotch of spring wheat leaves and ears is one of the most economically significant infections in the Siberian region. In the control systems of Septoriablotch the main ecologically safe element is resistant  varieties, which are designed to slow down the pathogens reproduction rate and slow down or stop the development of the epiphytotic process. The purpose of the work was to clarify the species composition of Septoriablotch  pathogens for West Siberian regions and spring wheat varieties, to study the epiphytotic process of Septoriadifferentially on the leaves and ears of varieties, and to evaluate the activity of seed transmission of Parastagonospora  nodorum. Studies were carried out in 2016–2018 according to generally accepted methods. Septorialeaf and ear  blotch of spring wheat is widespread in West Siberia and the Trans-Urals, causing a decrease in yield by up to 50 %  or more with the deterioration in grain quality. The causative agents of the disease are P. nodorum, Septoria tritici,  and P. avenaef. sp. triticae, and the species ratio varied across the regions and varieties, and within plant organs.  In Novosibirsk Region, P. nodorumcompletely dominated; S. triticiwas 13.8 times less common; and P. avenae f. sp. triticaewas a singleton. In Tyumen Region, the dominance of P. nodorumwas disrupted in some geographic  locations by S. triticiand P. avenaef. sp. triticae. In Altai Krai, P. nodorumpredominated at all points studied; S. tritici and P. avenaef. sp. triticaewere found everywhere, but 5.6 and 8.6 times less often, respectively. The study of spring  wheat varieties of different origins has not revealed any samples immune to Septoriablotch. A differen tiated manifestation of resistance to Septorialeaf and ear disease has been established. Some varieties show complex resistance, combining reduced susceptibility to Septorialeaf and ear disease. Seed infection with P. nodorumin the  regions of Siberia reached 7 thresholds and was largely (52.5 %) determined by the August weather conditions.  The study of the collection of spring wheat varieties from three Siberian regions has revealed the following trend.  Transmission of P. nodorumwith the seeds of varieties was the most active (7.6 %) in Novosibirsk Region and somewhat weaker in Omsk Region (5.7 %). The most favorable phytosanitary situation was in Kurgan Region, where  varieties transmitted P. nodorumto a low degree (2.1 %), below the threshold

Finite-dimensional reductions of the discrete Toda chain

The problem of construction of integrable boundary conditions for the discrete Toda chain is considered. The restricted chains for properly chosen closure conditions are reduced to the well known discrete Painlev\'e equations $dP_{III}$, $dP_{V}$, $dP_{VI}$. Lax representations for these discrete Painlev\'e equations are found.Comment: Submitted to Jornal of Physics A: Math. Gen., 14 page

ГРИБНЫЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ СПАРЖЕВОЙ ВИГНЫ НА ЮГЕ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ

Increasing popularity of asparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) − a new for Russia vegetable crop requires comprehensive study including resistance to biotic environmental factors. Composition of pathogens of germinating seeds, plants (roots, leaves, stems, fruits) of large collection of asparagus bean from the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) and the Bioresource Scientific Collection of the CSBG SB RAS UNU No. USU 440534 have been investigated. Plants of 87 samples of asparagus bean were grown in the unheated plastic film greenhouse on the south of Western Siberia (54 ° N lat. 83 ° E) and examined for infestations of diseases in the Central Siberian Botanical Garden and Novosibirsk State Agrarian University (Novosibirsk). The infection of seeds with pathogenic micromycetes was determined according to GOST 12044-93 (similar to common beans) using the methods of mycological analysis and the Petri-dish moist chambers, also on Chapek media and KDA media. The main pathogenic micromycetes are: on germinating seeds − species of the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Mucor, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; on seedlings − Fusarium solani; during fruiting on fruits and stems − B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum; on the root collar − S. sclerotiorum. The dominant forms of white mold were stem, root collar, fruits. Five samples that showed a high level of resistance to B.cinerea and S.sclerotiorum have been selected. System for asparagus bean disease surveillance which should be built in the calendar-phenological sequence, has been recommended.Спаржевая вигна [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] – новая для России овощная культура, возрастающая популярность которой требует ее всестороннего изучения, включая устойчивость к биотическим факторам среды. В Центральном Сибирском ботаническом саду СО РАН и Новосибирском госагроуниверситете (г. Новосибирск) впервые изучили состав возбудителей и степень поражения болезнями прорастающих семян, растений (корневая система, листья, стебли, плоды) ее большой коллекции из ВНИИ им. Н.И. Вавилова и биоресурсной научной коллекции ЦСБС СО РАН УНУ № USU 440534, включающей 87 сортообразцов в условиях необогреваемой пленочной теплицы на юге Западной Сибири (54°с. ш. 83°в. д.). Зараженность семян вигны патогенными микромицетами определяли по ГОСТ 12044-93 (аналогично фасоли) методами микологического анализа и «влажной камеры». Микологический анализ семян проводили на универсальных питательных средах Чапека и КДА. Этиологию пятнистостей и гнилей устанавливали методами прямого микроскопирования и «влажной камеры». Основные патогенными микромицетами на вигне в Сибири являются: на прорастающих семенах – виды родов Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Mucor, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; на сеянцах – Fusarium solani; в период плодоношения на плодах и стеблях – B. cinerea и S. sclerotiorum; на корневой шейке – S. sclerotiorum. К основным грибным заболеваниям вигны в условиях защищенного грунта юга Западной Сибири относились белая и серая гнили, вызываемые, соответственно, S. sclerotiorum и B. cinerea. Доминирующие формы проявления белой гнили – стеблевая, прикорневая, плодовая. Выделены 5 сортообразцов, показавших высокий уровень устойчивости к B.cinerea и S.sclerotiorum. Рекомендована система надзора за болезнями вигны, которая должна строиться в календарно-фенологической последовательности

Learning Factory as Integration Form of Education in Sustainably Developing Healthcare Organisations

Introduction. The task set by the public authorities in the sphere of health care to train personnel of a new quality, capable of working successfully in the conditions of intensive reform of the industry requires not only a closer integration of universities and medical organizations, but also new educational technologies. The process factory is a new model of education for training of medical personnel, so the purpose of the article is to study the experience of training factories in international practice and to substantiate the effectiveness of the implementation of this educational form in a steadily de veloping medical organization. Materials and Мethods. The research draws on general scientific methods of empirical and theoretical knowledge, general methodological methods and techniques, as well as methods of system analysis, comparisons and analogues, generalisations, materials of our own sociological research of personnel policy affecting the sustainable development of healthcare organisation, conducted between 2013-2016. A key aspect of the review of scientific works was the study of problems of training in academic factories of different profiles and fields of knowledge. Results. The authors revealed that the Factory of processes as integration form of education allows modeling the conditions necessary for the head, recreating not only the real processes occurring in the healthcare organisation, but also the desired processes in the implementation of organisational changes, which allows you to demonstrate complex business processes without compromising the healthcare organisation itself. It is highlighted that the introduction of lean medicine and other management models is advisable to trial in academic factory first, and then apply the most successful options to the main activities of the healthcare organisation. In addition, Factory of processes makes it possible to make more effective adaptation of new employees to the workplace, be it young professionals or professionals with experience in h ealthcare organisation. Discussion and Conclusions. The practical significance of the article is that the introduction of such a model as a training factory in the educational process of medical universities will not only improve the efficiency of the integration of the University and the medical organization, but also will allow to prepare specialists capable of implementing organizational changes in the work of health care institutions

High performance liquid chromatography method for determination of carnosine and taurine and composition them with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles

The aim of the study was to develop a methodology that allows the determination of amino acids by HPLC in their joint presence in eye drops. In the result a method has been developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of the components of eye drops (carnosine and taurine) by HPLC with preliminary preparation of dinitrophenyl (DNP) derivative

ОЦІНКА АДАПТАЦІЙНИХ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ ШКОЛЯРІВ МІСТА КИЄВА З ЙОДОДЕФІЦИТОМ

Symmary. The purpose of our study was to investigate of adaptive potential in Kyiv junior school children with found iodine deficiency. The examination of 50 children aged 6–12 was carried out. That suggested determining ioduria in one-time urine portions followed by estimating the median, physical endurance in children and finding the Roofie index (RI), and also estimating the level of cardiovascular system and its adaptive potential with calculating functional changes index (FChI) in conventional units (points). As a result of research iodine deficiency was found in most examined schoolchildren. The iodurine median was within the range of 70–100 mcg/l in 33 schoolchildren (66 %), which indicates mild degree of iodine deficiency (ID). In 10 children (20 %) the median was less than 70 mcg/l which indicates average degree of ID. In 7 children (13 %) the iodine excretion in urine within the range of 100–200 mcg/l which was the best result (the optimal result). According to the results obtained, cardiovascular system functional indicator (RI) was below the average (within the range between 10 and 14 points) in 16 children (32 %). 29 children (58 %) had the low level (over 15 points). In estimating FChI it was found that the most part of children (38,76 %) had adaptation mechanisms strain, and 7 children (12 %) had insufficient adaptation level. The study of iodine supply in Kiev schoolchildren aged 6–12 showed the content of mild and moderate degree of ID in 86 % of children. Roofie index was below average and low in 45 children (90 %). Cardiovascular system functional indicator showed that the most part of children (38, 76 %) had adaptive mechanisms strain, the level of insufficient adaptation was 7 %. РЕЗЮМЕ. Мета дослідження – вивчення адаптаційних можливостей школярів молодших класів міста Києва з підтвердженим йододефіцитом (ЙД). Проведено обстеження 50 дітей віком 6–12 років, яке передбачало визначення йодурії у разових порціях сечі з подальшим розрахунком медіани; фізичної витривалості дітей з визначенням індексу Руф’є; оцінку рівня функціонування системи кровообігу та її адаптаційного потенціалу з розрахунком Індексу функціональних змін (ІФЗ). Йодна недостатність виявлена у 86 % обстежених, переважно легкого ступеня. 16 дітей (32 %) мали індекс Руф’є нижче середнього, 29 (58 %) – низький, у 5 школярів (10 %) був середній рівень. Дослідження ІФЗ показало, що у 90 % обстежених були порушення адаптації різного ступеня вираженості. Дослідження йодної забезпеченості показало наявність ЙД легкого та середнього ступеня у 86 % дітей. При оцінці функціонального стану серцево-судинної системи виявлено, що 76 % дітей мали напруження механізмів адаптації. Індекс Руф’є у 90 % школярів не відповідав достатньому резерву системи кровообігу. Зміни функціонального стану та адаптаційних резервів серцево-судинної системи пов’язані певним чином із забезпеченістю організму йодом

A CLINICAL CASE OF SYNGAP1 GENE MUTATION IN A GIRL WITH EPILEPSY, MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTISM, AND MOTOR DISORDERS

The introduction of the latest genetic techniques into practice could discover a basis for the comorbidity of genetic epilepsies and behavioral disturbances with cognitive impairments. Some chromosomal syndromes are characterized by a specific electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern, the type of seizures, and the variant of the course of epilepsy. This paper describes a case of synaptic RAS GTP-ase-activating protein 1 (SYNGAP1) gene mutation in a 9-year-old female patient with eyelid myoclonic epilepsy, atypical absences, and atypical autism with mental retardation. The patient’s parents visited a physician for epilepsy (myoclonic absences), markedly delayed psycho-speech development, and specific communication problems in the child. The characteristics of autistic behavior were manifested from birth; routine EEG recorded epileptiform activity at the age of 2 years; epileptic seizures appeared at 5 years. Valproic acid and levetiracetam in this patient exerted a good effect on seizures; however, a clinical and encephalographic remission was achieved by a combination of levetiracetam and ethosuximide. The clinical case including the neurological and psychic statuses, logopedic characteristics, the result of psychological testing, and video-EEG monitoring findings are analyzed in detail.The SYNGAP1 gene is located on chromosome 6p21.3. About 50 cases of SYNGAP1 syndrome are now known worldwide. After normal maternal pregnancy and delivery, the patients show delayed psychomotor development with pronounced regression at 1 to 3 years of age. At this age, there are diffuse polyspike discharges on the EEG or an onset of generalized epileptic seizures (atonic, myoclonic, eyelid myoclonic, and absence seizures), commonly photosensitivity and autoinduction, mental development stops, speech regresses, behavioral disorders that are typical of autism develop. Drug-resistant epilepsy is noted in approximately half of the described cases. There is a correlation between the severity of epilepsy and cognitive deficit

ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЯ ЗАРАБОТНОЙ ПЛАТЫ В РОССИИ: РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ И ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТЫ

The article considers results of the study on wage inequality in Russia, which was based on data from a sample survey of companies by categories of personnel and occupational groups of workers, conducted by Federal State Statistics Service in October 2011 and 2013.The authors compared wage inequality in Russia and other countries. The wage inequality within regions and occupational groups was analyzed in order to estimate the contributions of regional and occupational wage inequality into the total wage inequality. The authors identified the regions with the highest and lowest rates of intra-regional wage inequality and revealed the occupational groups with the highest and lowest rates of intra-group wage inequality.Decomposition of the entropy indexes showed the effect of various socio-demographic factors and the factors characterizing the employment of workers on the wage inequality. It was shown that the wage inequality a worker faced within his occupational group on the local labor market is 30-50% less than the total wage inequality in Russia. In the meantime age, gender and type of ownership of the enterprise make a relatively small contribution. Such factors as the type of economic activity of the enterprise, education and employment of the employee group made a more significant contribution. Additionally, the analysis shows that all of these factors explain better the differentiation of the distribution in the lower wages, while in the upper part of distribution series their influence was not so significant.Finally, the authors proposed solutions to reduce the differentiation of wages in Russia.В статье приведены результаты исследования проблемы дифференциации заработной платы в России, осуществленного на основе данных о заработной плате по категориям персонала и профессиональным группам работников, полученных Росстатом в ходе выборочного обследования организаций в октябре 2011 и 2013 гг.Сравнивается степень дифференциации заработной платы работников в России с другими странами мира. Проводится анализ дифференциации заработной платы в отдельных регионах и профессионально-должностных группах работников с целью определения вклада региональных и профессиональных различий в общий уровень дифференциации. Выявляются регионы с наибольшими и наименьшими показателями внутрирегиональной дифференциации заработной платы, а также профессиональные группы с наиболее высокими и самыми низкими показателями внутригрупповой зарплатной дифференциации.При помощи декомпозиции энтропийных индексов определяется влияние как различных социально-демографических факторов, так и отдельных характеристик рабочих мест работников на различия в оплате труда. Показано, что различия в оплате труда работников в рамках их профессиональной группы на локальном рынке труда на 30-50% ниже общего уровня дифференциации заработной платы в целом по России. В то же время такие факторы, как возраст, пол, тип собственности предприятия, влияют на дифференциацию заработной платы относительно меньше. Более значимыми факторами являются: вид экономической деятельности предприятия, образование и классификационная группа занятости работника. Авторы статьи подчеркивают, что все перечисленнные факторы позволяют лучше объяснить дифференциацию в нижней части ряда распределения заработной платы работников, тогда как в верхней части их влияние не столь значительно.В заключение предлагаются решения, позволяющие снизить дифференциацию в оплате труда в России

Expression of CD80 and HLA-DR molecules on blood monocytes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

We examined expression pattern of CD80 and HLA-DR pro-inflammatory molecules on the monocytes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), depending on the clinical form of the disease and susceptibility of the pathogen to anti-tuberculosis drugs. The study involved forty-five patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB (25 men and 20 women aged 18 to 55 years, average age — 44.0±12.4 years). The control group included 15 healthy donors with similar socio-demographic characteristics as in TB patients. Venous blood was used as biomaterial for assays. Studies of the monocyte immunophenotype were carried out by flow cytometry of whole blood cells using Cytoflex flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, USA) with specific monoclonal antibodies (eBioscience, USA). We determined the content of cells expressing surface markers of monocytes, i.e., CD14, CD45, CD80, and HLA-DR. The results of this study were evaluated using SPSS Statistics 17.0 standard software package and Microsoft Excel. In the course of the study, we have suggested a working hypothesis that the monocytes in TB patients, still being in circulation, can express activation markers during their migration to inflammation focus, especially CD80 and HLA-DR molecules. Analysis of the total CD14+ monocyte number showed its decrease in all forms and variants of clinical course of pulmonary tuberculosis compared with the control group. Assessment of pro-inflammatory markers expressed on CD14 positive monocytes, i.e., HLA-DR activation marker and CD80 co-stimulatory molecule, showed that the number of monocytes with HLA-DR expression in all TB patients was higher than in healthy donors. HLA- DR expression on CD14+ monocytes in the group of patients with infiltrative TB proved to be 15% higher than in patients with disseminated TB. The expression of CD80 on CD14+ monocytes in TB patients showed no differences between the groups and varied within the normal range. Hence, an imbalance within monocyte population in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, regardless of its clinical form and drug sensitivity of the pathogen is developed, due to decrease in total number of CD14+ cells, along with increased relative number of monocytes expressing HLA-DR activation marker (pro-inflammatory phenotype). Meanwhile, expression of the CD80 co-stimulatory molecule on monocytes was within normal values