Improving the environmental production of electrodes for solar panels

Biodegradable aminosiloxanes have been synthesized by the interaction of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane with monoethanolamine in the presence of a binary antioxidant and an alkali metal alcoholate. The synthesized compounds were used to develop flux compositions for tinning copper wire and producing electrodes for solar panels. The wetting ability, fluxing activity and biodegradability of the flux were investigated. The possibility of using a flux for hot tinning of copper wire is shown, which makes it possible to increase the environmental friendliness of the production of electrodes for solar panels

Synthesis and research of polyfunctional silylureas used in electric deposition of tin-indium alloy

Polyfunctional silylureas were synthesized by the interaction of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane with isocyanates of various structures in an inert aromatic solvent. Commercially available diisocyanates such as isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate were used as isocyanates. In this case, freshly distilled toluene was used as a solvent. The structures of the obtained compounds were confirmed by the data of IR and NMR1H spectroscopy. Using the synthesized compounds, formulations of compositions for electrodeposition of a tin-indium alloy on a copper wire were developed. The possibility of using silylureas of various structures as effective surfactants used in the electrodeposition of the tin-indium alloy is shown. The operational characteristics of the obtained wire were investigated, including the wire diameter, coating thickness, tensile strength, electrical resistance, and direct current electrical resistivity

Противовирусная активность лекарственного препарата на основе РНК двуспиральной натриевой соли в отношении SARS-CoV-2 in vitro

Scientific relevance. Innate immune activation in the early phases of COVID-19 infection and subsequent interferon induction may help control viral replication and protect cells not yet infected with SARS-CoV-2. Thus, immunostimulants that induce interferon (IFN), including double-stranded RNA-based agents, are a promising means of post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 at early stages.Aim. The study evaluated the in vitro antiviral activity of a double-stranded RNA sodium salt-based medicinal product against SARS-CoV-2.Materials and methods. The authors analysed the double-stranded RNA sodium salt-based medicinal product RADAMIN®VIRO using Vero cells and the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.617). The virus titre was calculated as the tissue cytopathic dose that caused 50% cell death. The authors measured the content of IFN-α and IFN-γ in the culture fluid by enzyme immunoassay and assessed the viral load by real-time polymerase chain reaction (using the cycle threshold value) and by titration (using Vero cells).Results. The studied double-stranded RNA sodium salt-based medicinal product at a concentration of 250 or 500 μg/mL induced IFN-α and IFN-γ expression by Vero cells, thus increasing their resistance to SARS-CoV-2. The authors evaluated the antiviral activity of the medicinal product based on the virus titre, viral load, and cell monolayer damage. The antiviral activity became clear 24 h after treatment, which confirmed the ability of the medicinal product to inhibit the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro as early as the first day after infection.Conclusions. The double-stranded RNA sodium salt-based medicinal product induced IFN-α and IFN-γ synthesis in Vero cells, increasing their resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. These results demonstrate the immunomodulatory and antiviral potential of the medicinal product.Актуальность. Активация механизмов врожденного иммунитета на ранних фазах развития инфекции COVID-19 и, как следствие, последующая индукция продукции интерферонов может способствовать контролю репликации вируса и защите еще неинфицированных SARS-CoV-2 клеток. В связи с этим в качестве средств постконтактной профилактики и лечения COVID-19 на ранних этапах представляется перспективным применение иммуностимулирующих препаратов, вызывающих индукцию интерферонов, в том числе препаратов на основе двуспиральной РНК.Цель. Оценка противовирусной активности лекарственного препарата на основе РНК двуспиральной натриевой соли в отношении вируса SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.Материалы и методы. Препарат на основе РНК двуспиральной натриевой соли (РАДАМИН®ВИРО). Эксперименты выполняли на культуре клеток Vero. В исследовании использовали вариант дельта вируса SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.617). Проводили оценку цитопатического действия вируса. Титр вируса рассчитывали как показатель тканевой цитопатической дозы, вызывающей гибель 50% клеток. Содержание интерферонов α и γ в культуральной жидкости определяли с помощью метода иммуноферментного анализа, вирусную нагрузку – методом полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени (по показателю Ct) и титр вируса – титрованием на культуре клеток Vero.Результаты. Внесение препарата на основе РНК двуспиральной натриевой соли в концентрациях 250 мкг/мл и 500 мкг/мл к клеткам линии Vero приводит к индукции секреции интерферонов α и γ, что повышает резистентность клеток к заражению вирусом SARS-CoV-2. Противовирусная активность исследуемого препарата, оцениваемая по значениям показателей титра вируса, вирусной нагрузки и уровня поражения клеточного монослоя, отмечается через 24 ч после его воздействия, что показывает способность препарата задерживать размножение вируса SARS-CoV-2 in vitro уже в течение первых суток после заражения.Выводы. Препарат на основе РНК двуспиральной натриевой соли индуцирует синтез интерферонов α и γ клетками линии Vero, повышая устойчивость клеток к заражению SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, что свидетельствует о иммуномодулирующем и противовирусном потенциале исследованного препарата

DNA DIAGNOSTICS AND MUTATION SPECTRUM OF THE GENE FBN1 IN MARFAN’S SYNDROME

Aim. The development of an optimal protocol for diagnostic search for mutations with the use of the new generation sequencing technique (NGS) and evaluation of the mutation spectrum in Russian selection of the patients with Marfan syndrome.Material and methods. Totally 32 patients included with Marfan syndrome. For 24 the direct sequencing was done by Sanger, of 24-32 exons FBN1. For 10 persons the analysis performed of coding exons and close introns regiones of the gene FBN1 with the preparation of fragmented libraries and performing of NGS on the IonTorrent platform. For 12 persons the mutations search was done with the use of automatically developed panel of Ampliseq primers for multiplex amplification of coding regions of genes that are responsible for the connective tissue development.Results. In investigation of 24-32 exones of FBN1 we found 3 replacements (p.C921R, p.C950S and p.I1048T). In complete analysis of FBN1 gene by fragmentation check of replacements we found 4 premature stop-codons (p.Y181*, p.R516*, p.Q1811*, p.R2776*) and 3 missense variants (C739W, p.C1095S, p. C2468R). In addition, there was deletion with the shift of translation frame and occurence of stop-codon in the 9th exon (c.661delT). In one female patient there was replacement variant c.4942+4A>G, with non-defined clinical significance. With the complete analysis of FBN1 using Ampliseq there were 2 premature codons found (р. Q520*, p.K2838*) and 2 deletions with the translation frame shift (c.40_49del, c.6751del). In 6 from 12 there were missense replacements found (p.N2144S, p.A986T, p.C2390S, p.С2276W, p.C1777R and p.C2363G).Conclusion. In the case of absense of the “hot spot” exons, invention of NGS allows for optimization the search of mutations even in such long genes as the FBN1. Medical-genetic consultation and DNA-diagnostics are the integral methods for multidisciplinary care

REGULAR GENETIC COUNSELING AND DNA-DIAGNOSTICS OF MARFAN SYNDROME IN THE WORK OF FEDERAL SURGERY INSTITUTION

Aim. To invent a complex approach to patients with “marfanoid phenotype” undergoing surgery, applying the DNA-diagnostics of the gene FBN1 and medical genetic counseling.Material and methods. In the group of 37 patients with suspected Marfan syndrome we conducted analysis of coding exones and attached enthrones of the gene FBN1 with highly performing sequencing on platform IonTorrent.Results. After mutation screening in the sequences of gene FBN1, in 25 patients we confirmed the Marfan syndrome, and four of genetic mutation carriers did not have complete Ghent criteria. All genetic variants were analyzed and were applied at the stage of surgery planning for maximum radical result of surgical treatment and for medical genetic counseling of the families.Conclusion. The analysis performed, of clinical presentation, surgery indications and spectrum of post-operation complications in Marfan syndrome patients

Synthesis of water-dispersible photoluminescent silicon nanoparticles and their use in biological fluorescent imaging

Water-dispersible silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) are desirable for applications in biological techniques. A simplified method to synthesize such particles is reported here. The resulting Si-NPs are water-dispersible and luminescent. Under the excitation of UV light, the Si-NPs emit strong red light with a peak maximum at 606 nm and a quantum yield of 6%. They are highly stable, and remain so over several weeks. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy shows a visible Si–CH2 scissoring vibration mode. Furthermore, the surface chemical bondings were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the Si2p and C1s core levels, Si–C components are observed. The diameters of the synthesized Si-NPS as measured by atomic force microscope (AFM) are approximately 5 nm. Furthermore, the nanoparticles can be taken up by cultured cells. Fluorescence images of Si-NPs within MCF-7 human breast cancer cells show they are distributed throughout the cell tissue