The Extent of In Situ Urbanisation in China’s County Areas

By developing and using indexes reflecting “quasi-urban” status, this paper attempts to quantitatively estimate the “invisible” contribution of in situ urbanisation to the overall urbanisation process in the county areas of Fujian Province. The results show that the urbanisation level of the county areas in Fujian Province would be significantly increased if the urban characteristics resulting from in situ urbanisation were fully reflected, suggesting that the conventional urban statistics seriously underestimate the true extent of rural-urban transformation in the county areas. Furthermore, such underestimation is more serious in the coastal areas with most dynamic socioeconomic development, and thus distorts the true picture of the spatial pattern of rural-urban transformation. The paper explores the implications of the above results for the understanding of China’s urbanisation process, suggesting that rural-urban transformation and the corresponding planning practice in China should be conceptualised in the context of blurred rural-urban distinction and more important roles for rural areas in the urbanisation process

Application of modal decomposition technique in network traffic prediction

Network traffic prediction is an important means of network security monitoring, and modal decomposition technology is the key to improve the accuracy of network traffic prediction. Therefore, it is imperative to study modal decomposition technology. In this paper, the advantages of Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) are explored by summarizing and reviewing the application of modal decomposition in network traffic prediction. The findings show that the performance of VMD mainly depends on its decomposition layers k, penalty factor C and Lagrange multiplier Θ. We propose a novel algorithm structure based on square root difference and minimum Theil inequality coefficient to optimize the performance of VMD by finding the best value for these parameters. Optimized Variational Mode Decomposition (OVMD) has improved the network traffic prediction accuracy in network security management

Le phénomène de l’urbanisation in situ dans les districts ruraux en Chine

En s’appuyant sur l’élaboration et l’utilisation d’indices reflétant le statut « quasi-urbain » de certaines zones rurales, cet article a pour objectif d’estimer de manière quantitative le rôle « invisible » de l’urbanisation in situ dans le processus global d’urbanisation des districts ruraux dans la province du Fujian. Les résultats obtenus montrent que le niveau d’urbanisation dans ces zones apparaîtrait comme nettement plus élevé si leurs caractéristiques urbaines, causées par une urbanisation in situ, étaient pleinement prises en compte dans les statistiques officielles qui tendent à sous-estimer fortement l’ampleur de l’urbanisation dans les districts ruraux. Il apparaît par ailleurs que cette sous-estimation est plus prononcée dans les zones côtières qui connaissent un développement socio-économique plus marqué, ce qui contribue à déformer la réalité de la configuration spatiale résultant de la transformation des zones rurales. Cet article explore les conséquences de ces résultats sur notre compréhension du processus d’urbanisation en Chine et suggère que cette transformation et les politiques d’urbanisme doivent être conceptualisées dans un contexte d’effacement progressif des distinctions entre zones rurales et zones urbaines et d’importance croissante des zones rurales dans le processus d’urbanisation

The Extent of In Situ Urbanisation in China’s County Areas

By developing and using indexes reflecting “quasi-urban” status, this paper attempts to quantitatively estimate the “invisible” contribution of in situ urbanisation to the overall urbanisation process in the county areas of Fujian Province. The results show that the urbanisation level of the county areas in Fujian Province would be significantly increased if the urban characteristics resulting from in situ urbanisation were fully reflected, suggesting that the conventional urban statistics seriously underestimate the true extent of rural-urban transformation in the county areas. Furthermore, such underestimation is more serious in the coastal areas with most dynamic socioeconomic development, and thus distorts the true picture of the spatial pattern of rural-urban transformation. The paper explores the implications of the above results for the understanding of China’s urbanisation process, suggesting that rural-urban transformation and the corresponding planning practice in China should be conceptualised in the context of blurred rural-urban distinction and more important roles for rural areas in the urbanisation process

Spatiotemporal patterns of particulate matter (PM) and associations between PM and mortality in Shenzhen, China

DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2725-6Background: Most studies on air pollution exposure and its associations with human health in China have focused on the heavily polluted industrial areas and/or mega-cities, and studies on cities with comparatively low air pollutant concentrations are still rare. Only a few studies have attempted to analyse particulate matter (PM) for the vibrant economic centre Shenzhen in the Pearl River Delta. So far no systematic investigation of PM spatiotemporal patterns in Shenzhen has been undertaken and the understanding of pollution exposure in urban agglomerations with comparatively low pollution is still limited. Methods: We analyze daily and hourly particulate matter concentrations and all-cause mortality during 2013 in Shenzhen, China. Temporal patterns of PM (PM2.5 and PM10) with aerodynamic diameters of 2.5 (10) μm or less (or less (including particles with a diameter that equals to 2.5 (10) μm) are studied, along with the ratio of PM2.5 to PM10. Spatial distributions of PM10 and PM2.5 are addressed and associations of PM10 or PM2.5 and all-cause mortality are analyzed. Results: Annual average PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were 61.3 and 39.6 μg/m3 in 2013. PM2.5 failed to meet the Class 2 annual limit of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard. PM2.5 was the primary air pollutant, with 8.8 % of days having heavy PM2.5 pollution. The daily PM2.5/PM10 ratios were high. Hourly PM2.5 concentrations in the tourist area were lower than downtown throughout the day. PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were higher in western parts of Shenzhen than in eastern parts. Excess risks in the number of all-cause mortality with a 10 μg/m3 increase of PM were 0.61 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.50–0.72) for PM10, and 0.69 % (95 % CI: 0.55–0.83) for PM2.5, respectively. The greatest ERs of PM10 and PM2.5 were in 2-day cumulative measures for the all-cause mortality, 2-day lag for females and the young (0–65 years), and L02 for males and the elder (>65 years). PM2.5 had higher risks on all-cause mortality than PM10. Effects of high PM pollution on mortality were stronger in the elder and male. Conclusions: Our findings provide additional relevant information on air quality monitoring and associations of PM and human health, valuable data for further scientific research in Shenzhen and for the on-going discourse on improving environmental policie

Amyloid precursor protein in peripheral granulocytes as a potential biomarker for Alzheimers disease

The aim of this study was to assess the potential of amyloid precursor protein in peripheral granulocytes as a diagnostic biomarker for early detection of Alzheimers disease. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used to evaluate amyloid precursor protein expression levels and subcellular localization in Alzheimers disease. Much higher amyloid precursor protein expression was observed in some leukocytes from Alzheimers disease patients, compared with samples from non-Alzheimers disease controls. In addition, flow cytometry data indicated significantly higher amyloid precursor protein  expression in granulocytes from Alzheimers disease patients compared with control values. No statistically significant differences in amyloid precursor protein  expression were obtained in lymphocytes or monocytes between the patient groups. In conclusion, amyloid precursor protein expression level in peripheral blood granulocyte is a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of Alzheimers disease.

A comprehensive review on hybrid network traffic prediction model

Network traffic is a typical nonlinear time series. As such, traditional linear and nonlinear models are inadequate to describe the multi-scale characteristics of traffic, thus compromising the prediction accuracy. Therefore, the research to date has tended to focus on hybrid models rather than the traditional linear and non-linear ones. Generally, a hybrid model adopts two or more methods as combined modelling to analyze and then predict the network traffic. Against this backdrop, this paper will review past research conducted on hybrid network traffic prediction models. The review concludes with a summary of the strengths and limitations of existing hybrid network prediction models which use optimization and decomposition techniques, respectively. These two techniques have been identified as major contributing factors in constructing a more accurate and fast response hybrid network traffic prediction

When herpes simplex virus encephalitis meets antiviral innate immunity

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the most common pathogen of infectious encephalitis, accounting for nearly half of the confirmed cases of encephalitis. Its clinical symptoms are often atypical. HSV PCR in cerebrospinal fluid is helpful for diagnosis, and the prognosis is usually satisfactory after regular antiviral treatment. Interestingly, some patients with recurrent encephalitis have little antiviral effect. HSV PCR in cerebrospinal fluid is negative, but glucocorticoid has a significant effect after treatment. Specific antibodies, such as the NMDA receptor antibody, the GABA receptor antibody, and even some unknown antibodies, can be isolated from cerebrospinal fluid, proving that the immune system contributes to recurrent encephalitis, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Based on recent studies, we attempt to summarize the relationship between herpes simplex encephalitis and innate immunity, providing more clues for researchers to explore this field further