Utvärdering av EAP-autentisering Metoder i Fasta och Trådlösa Nätverk

In any networking environment, security, connection time and scalability of the network are the major concerns to keep network safe, faster and stable. Administrators working within the networking environment need to have complete account of manageability, scalability and security of the network, so that the organizational data can be kept confidential and maintain integrity. There are different authentication methods used by network administrators for accessing network in wired and wireless environments. As network usage and attacks on network increases, a secure, scalable and standard network protocol is needed for accessing and to keep data safe in both wired and wireless networks. IEEE 802.1x is an IEEE standard used to provide authentication and authorization to the devices over LAN/WLAN. The framework IEEE 802.1x uses EAP for authentication and authorization with a RADIUS server. In this report, an experimental analysis for different EAP authentication methods in both wired and wireless networks in terms of authentication time and the total processing time is presented. Wireshark is used to capture the network traffic on server and client ends. After analyzing each packet timestamps that are captured using Wireshark, it is seen that EAP-MD5 takes less time in both wired and wireless networks, if the number of users increases, there is not much difference in the network connection time. Concerning with security of the network, EAP-MD5 is vulnerable to many attacks so it is not used by many companies. The alternative methods with their strengths and weaknesses are discussed

Utvärdering av EAP-autentisering Metoder i Fasta och Trådlösa Nätverk

In any networking environment, security, connection time and scalability of the network are the major concerns to keep network safe, faster and stable. Administrators working within the networking environment need to have complete account of manageability, scalability and security of the network, so that the organizational data can be kept confidential and maintain integrity. There are different authentication methods used by network administrators for accessing network in wired and wireless environments. As network usage and attacks on network increases, a secure, scalable and standard network protocol is needed for accessing and to keep data safe in both wired and wireless networks. IEEE 802.1x is an IEEE standard used to provide authentication and authorization to the devices over LAN/WLAN. The framework IEEE 802.1x uses EAP for authentication and authorization with a RADIUS server. In this report, an experimental analysis for different EAP authentication methods in both wired and wireless networks in terms of authentication time and the total processing time is presented. Wireshark is used to capture the network traffic on server and client ends. After analyzing each packet timestamps that are captured using Wireshark, it is seen that EAP-MD5 takes less time in both wired and wireless networks, if the number of users increases, there is not much difference in the network connection time. Concerning with security of the network, EAP-MD5 is vulnerable to many attacks so it is not used by many companies. The alternative methods with their strengths and weaknesses are discussed

Sociodemographic characteristics of participants.

BackgroundPregnant women are among the most vulnerable and suffer the most during pandemics, according to earlier studies. Pregnant women had to seek healthcare for both themselves and their unborn child(ren) in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which was unprecedented. Pregnant women’s psychosocial experiences during pandemics are crucial since they both directly and indirectly affect the course of pregnancy and childbirth. The study therefore sought to explore the psychosocial experiences of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsIn this retrospective qualitative study, 15 nursing mothers who were attending a postnatal clinic at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) hospital in Ghana were recruited. Individual interviews were conducted with mothers who were pregnant between March and December 2020. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and inductively analysed into themes.ResultsNursing mothers were aged 25–30 years and had infants ranging from 5 months to 15 months. Thirteen (13) were married and two were single. Two (2) major themes and five (5) subthemes emerged from the study. The unpleasant feelings connected to the potential for contracting COVID-19 and experiencing stress were described by the theme, “Fear and Stress”. Participants’ social experiences (support from significant others), alterations in daily routine and the economic impact because of the pandemic were presented as the “Socioeconomic impact”.ConclusionPregnant women go through several challenges during pregnancy such as perceived stress and anxiety. These are likely to heighten during a pandemic, as presented in the study. They therefore need emotional and psychosocial support in such uncertain times to improve outcomes of pregnancy.</div

Interview transcript.

BackgroundPregnant women are among the most vulnerable and suffer the most during pandemics, according to earlier studies. Pregnant women had to seek healthcare for both themselves and their unborn child(ren) in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which was unprecedented. Pregnant women’s psychosocial experiences during pandemics are crucial since they both directly and indirectly affect the course of pregnancy and childbirth. The study therefore sought to explore the psychosocial experiences of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsIn this retrospective qualitative study, 15 nursing mothers who were attending a postnatal clinic at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) hospital in Ghana were recruited. Individual interviews were conducted with mothers who were pregnant between March and December 2020. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and inductively analysed into themes.ResultsNursing mothers were aged 25–30 years and had infants ranging from 5 months to 15 months. Thirteen (13) were married and two were single. Two (2) major themes and five (5) subthemes emerged from the study. The unpleasant feelings connected to the potential for contracting COVID-19 and experiencing stress were described by the theme, “Fear and Stress”. Participants’ social experiences (support from significant others), alterations in daily routine and the economic impact because of the pandemic were presented as the “Socioeconomic impact”.ConclusionPregnant women go through several challenges during pregnancy such as perceived stress and anxiety. These are likely to heighten during a pandemic, as presented in the study. They therefore need emotional and psychosocial support in such uncertain times to improve outcomes of pregnancy.</div

Interview guide.

BackgroundPregnant women are among the most vulnerable and suffer the most during pandemics, according to earlier studies. Pregnant women had to seek healthcare for both themselves and their unborn child(ren) in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which was unprecedented. Pregnant women’s psychosocial experiences during pandemics are crucial since they both directly and indirectly affect the course of pregnancy and childbirth. The study therefore sought to explore the psychosocial experiences of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsIn this retrospective qualitative study, 15 nursing mothers who were attending a postnatal clinic at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) hospital in Ghana were recruited. Individual interviews were conducted with mothers who were pregnant between March and December 2020. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and inductively analysed into themes.ResultsNursing mothers were aged 25–30 years and had infants ranging from 5 months to 15 months. Thirteen (13) were married and two were single. Two (2) major themes and five (5) subthemes emerged from the study. The unpleasant feelings connected to the potential for contracting COVID-19 and experiencing stress were described by the theme, “Fear and Stress”. Participants’ social experiences (support from significant others), alterations in daily routine and the economic impact because of the pandemic were presented as the “Socioeconomic impact”.ConclusionPregnant women go through several challenges during pregnancy such as perceived stress and anxiety. These are likely to heighten during a pandemic, as presented in the study. They therefore need emotional and psychosocial support in such uncertain times to improve outcomes of pregnancy.</div

Themes and subthemes.

BackgroundPregnant women are among the most vulnerable and suffer the most during pandemics, according to earlier studies. Pregnant women had to seek healthcare for both themselves and their unborn child(ren) in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which was unprecedented. Pregnant women’s psychosocial experiences during pandemics are crucial since they both directly and indirectly affect the course of pregnancy and childbirth. The study therefore sought to explore the psychosocial experiences of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsIn this retrospective qualitative study, 15 nursing mothers who were attending a postnatal clinic at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) hospital in Ghana were recruited. Individual interviews were conducted with mothers who were pregnant between March and December 2020. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and inductively analysed into themes.ResultsNursing mothers were aged 25–30 years and had infants ranging from 5 months to 15 months. Thirteen (13) were married and two were single. Two (2) major themes and five (5) subthemes emerged from the study. The unpleasant feelings connected to the potential for contracting COVID-19 and experiencing stress were described by the theme, “Fear and Stress”. Participants’ social experiences (support from significant others), alterations in daily routine and the economic impact because of the pandemic were presented as the “Socioeconomic impact”.ConclusionPregnant women go through several challenges during pregnancy such as perceived stress and anxiety. These are likely to heighten during a pandemic, as presented in the study. They therefore need emotional and psychosocial support in such uncertain times to improve outcomes of pregnancy.</div