Patterns in inter-EU migrant crime in England: exploring the available data for indicators of knowledge requirements

This paper presents information about patterns of crime among EU migrants in England during 2011-2013. Based on data provided by English police forces about individuals charged with crimes during this period, it reports developments in EU migrant crime relating to prevalence, age, gender, nationalities, crime types, and geographical areas, making comparisons to crime data for England where appropriate. It discusses the possibility of profiling migrant crime, and highlights the complexity involved and interplay between different factors. It recommends the need for further study and analysis of migrant crime data, and considers policy implications

Involvement of argonaute proteins in gene silencing and activation by RNAs complementary to a non-coding transcript at the progesterone receptor promoter

Double-stranded RNAs that are complementary to non-coding transcripts at gene promoters can activate or inhibit gene expression in mammalian cells. Understanding the mechanism for modulating gene expression by promoter-targeted antigene RNAs (agRNAs) will require identification of the proteins involved in recognition. Previous reports have implicated argonaute (AGO) proteins, but identifications have differed with involvement of AGO1, AGO2, or both AGO1 and AGO2 being reported by different studies. The roles of AGO3 and AGO4 have not been investigated. Here, we examine the role of AGO 1–4 in gene silencing and activation of the progesterone receptor (PR) gene. Expression of AGO2 is necessary for efficient gene silencing or activation and AGO2 is recruited to the non-coding transcript that overlaps the promoter during both gene silencing and activation. Expression of AGO1, AGO3 and AGO4 are not necessary for gene silencing or activation nor are AGO1, AGO3, or AGO4 recruited to the target non-coding transcript during gene activation. These data indicate that AGO2 is the primary AGO variant involved in modulating expression of PR by agRNAs

The Prüm Implementation, Evaluation and Strengthening (P.I.E.S.) of Forensic DNA Data Exchange. Northumbria University Final Report

This document is the final project outcome report of a 3 year E.C. funded research project with multiple european partners detailing the Northumbria University findings. The report details the examination of criminal offending across England for a 3 year period (2011 - 2013) by inter-EU migrants and the development of an intuitive and transferable analytical model of such offending. Analysis details (a) spatial patterns of offending at a meso scale (b)age-crime profiles of offenders by gender (c) types of crime committed before moving on to examine data availability across EU member states and the analytical models transferability. Spatial analsyis of inter-EU migrant offending is conducted from a wider EU perspective providing EU wide migrant offending context across Member States

Minireview: Switching on Progesterone Receptor Expression with Duplex RNA

It has long been appreciated that gene expression is regulated by protein complexes at promoters. More recently, research has demonstrated that small duplex RNAs such as micro-RNAs and short interfering RNAs complementary to mRNA provide another layer of regulation. Evidence now supports the existence of regulatory pathways that use small duplex RNAs to control transcription. Synthetic RNAs complementary to gene promoters [antigene RNAs (agRNAs)] can either activate or inhibit gene expression. Activity of agRNAs is mediated by argonaute, a protein required for RNA interference. Unlike protein transcription factors, agRNAs do not bind to chromosomal DNA but recognize noncoding transcripts that overlap gene promoters or 3′-gene termini. This review describes recent studies with agRNAs and focuses on the robust and potent agRNA-mediated regulation of progesterone receptor. The ability of small RNAs to alter transcription provides a new layer of potential regulation for gene expression