Does the production value of a short science video hosted on YouTube influence how much the desired audience is likely to enjoy and engage with it?

This thesis continues the research of Welbourne and Grant (2016) within the field of science communication on YouTube, by following the study that Figueiredo, Almeida, & Benevenuto designed to evaluate whether content factors determine YouTube video popularity (2014). This study experimentally evaluates whether the production value of a short science video hosted on YouTube influences how much the desired audience is likely to enjoy and engage with it. Science communication is an increasingly significant area of research and practice, relevant to all aspects of science and technology. Scientists are increasingly expected to publicly share their work with the public, therefore it is important to understand the best ways to get these messages to their target audience. YouTube, the most popular video-sharing network, was created as a user-generated social network, however in recent years professional organisations have been able to contribute too. Resultingly, there is a divergent style differentiation between professionally generated content (PGC), and user generated content (UGC). In this study, two near-identical pairs of videos consistent with the science communication genre were created to imitate PGC and UGC YouTube channels respectively. A survey (n=900) was conducted on Amazon Mechanical Turk where participants were asked to watch one PGC and one UGC video, and report on which video they enjoyed, would share, predicted would be more popular and found more reliable. They were asked which channel they would like to watch again. A Pearson’s chi2 test found statistically significant preference to enjoyability and shareability for the UGC videos, but no preference between production value for predicted popularity. Surprisingly, participants opted to watch a PGC in the future, despite the overall preference to UGC. This study directs specific attention into the rapidly-expanding landscape of online video, and its relevance to videographic content creators within the realm of science communication

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely