The Sweet Smell of Subsidies Revisited

Agricultural and Food Policy,

EFFECTS OF ALTERNATIVE ACREAGE RESTRICTION PROVISIONS ON ALABAMA COTTON FARMS

The 1985 Farm Bill departs from recent farm bills in moving toward more restrictive acreage control. The change from a two- to a five-year average in calculating base acreage and enforcement of limited cross-compliance appear to significantly alter crop mix decisions on representative Alabama cotton farms.Political Economy,

Comparing Help-Seeking Behavior of Male and Female Survivors of Sexual Assault: A Content Analysis of a Hotline

This content analysis examines written documentation of telephone calls to a regional sexual assault hotline over a 5-year period. All male callers identified as primary victims were selected for analysis (n = 58) and a corresponding sample of female primary victims (n = 58) were randomly selected for comparison to better understand the help-seeking behavior of sexual assault survivors and inform services understand the help-seeking behavior of sexual assault survivors and inform services accordingly. A summative content analysis revealed significant contrasting themes between male and female victims, including females significantly receiving more referrals and males accessing the hotline to tell their experience of being sexually assaulted due to perceived limited support. Implications for training, practice, and future research are discussed

Distribution of GABA A and GABA B receptors in mammalian brain: Potential targets for drug development

GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. GABA receptors and the metabolism of GABA are significant targets for new centrally acting drugs to treat neurological and behavioral disorders. The simple neutral amino acid is likely to subserve a neurotransmitter role at 25–50% of all synapses in the central nervous system. GABA's actions are mediated by two different receptors, GABA A and GABA B receptors. GABA A receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels that are sensitive to the convulsant alkaloid bicuculline and modulated by benzodiazepines and barbiturates. GABA B receptors affect calcium and potassium conductance through GTP binding proteins and are insensitive to bicuculline and sensitive to the agonist baclofen. Both receptors are widely distributed in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, and brainstem.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50215/1/430210303_ftp.pd

Average nucleotide identity of genome sequences supports the description of Rhizobium lentis sp. nov., Rhizobium bangladeshense sp. nov. and Rhizobium binae sp. nov. from lentil (Lens culinaris) nodules

Rhizobial strains isolated from effective root nodules of field-grown lentil (Lens culinaris) from different parts of Bangladesh were previously analysed using sequences of the 16S rRNA gene, three housekeeping genes (recA, atpD and glnll) and three nodulation genes (nodA, nodC and nodD), DNA fingerprinting and phenotypic characterization. Analysis of housekeeping gene sequences and DNA fingerprints indicated that the strains belonged to three novel clades in the genus Rhizobium. In present study, a representative strain from each clade was further characterized by determination of cellular fatty acid compositions, carbon substrate utilization patterns and DNA DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity (ANI) analyses from whole-genome sequences. DNA DNA hybridization showed 50-62 % relatedness to their closest relatives (the type strains of Rhizobium etli and Rhizobium phaseoh) and 50-60 % relatedness to each other. These results were further supported by ANI values, based on genome sequencing, which were 87-92 % with their close relatives and 88-89 % with each other. On the basis of these results, three novel species, Rhizobium lentis sp. nov. (type strain BLR27(T)=LMG 28441(T)=DSM 29286(T)), Rhizobium bangladeshense sp. nov. (type strain BLR175(T)=LMG 28442(T)=DSM 29287(T)) and Rhizobium binae sp. nov. (type strain BLR195(T)=LMG 28443(T)=DSM 29288(T)), are proposed. These species share common nodulation genes (nodA, nodC and nodD) that are similar to those of the symbiovar viciae

Curated Collections for Educators: Five Key Papers on Clinical Teaching

The ability to teach in the clinical setting is of paramount importance. Clinical teaching is at the heart of medical education, irrespective of the learner’s level of training. Learners desire and need effective, competent, and thoughtful clinical teaching from their instructors. However, many clinician-educators lack formal training on this important skill and thus may provide a variable experience to their learners. Although formal training of clinician-educators is standard and required in many other countries, the United States has yet to follow suit, leaving many faculty members to fend for themselves to learn these important skills. In September 2018, the Academic Life in Emergency Medicine (ALiEM) 2018-2019 Faculty Incubator program discussed the topic of clinical teaching techniques. We gathered the titles of papers that were cited, shared, and recommended within our online discussion forum and compiled the articles pertaining to the topic of clinical teaching techniques. To augment the list, the authors did a formal literature search using the search terms “teaching techniques", "clinical teaching", "medical education", "medical students", and "residents” on Google Scholar and PubMed. Finally, we posted a call for important papers on the topic of clinical teaching techniques on Twitter. Through this process, we identified 48 core articles on the topic of clinical teaching. We conducted a modified Delphi methodology to identify the key papers on the topic. In this paper, we present the five highest-rated articles based on the relevance to junior faculty and faculty developers. This article will review and summarize the articles we found to be the most impactful to improve one’s clinical teaching skills

Palmoplantar keratoderma along with neuromuscular and metabolic phenotypes in Slurp1-deficient mice.

Mutations in SLURP1 cause mal de Meleda, a rare palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK). SLURP1 is a secreted protein that is expressed highly in keratinocytes but has also been identified elsewhere (e.g., spinal cord neurons). Here, we examined Slurp1-deficient mice (Slurp1(-/-)) created by replacing exon 2 with β-gal and neo cassettes. Slurp1(-/-) mice developed severe PPK characterized by increased keratinocyte proliferation, an accumulation of lipid droplets in the stratum corneum, and a water barrier defect. In addition, Slurp1(-/-) mice exhibited reduced adiposity, protection from obesity on a high-fat diet, low plasma lipid levels, and a neuromuscular abnormality (hind-limb clasping). Initially, it was unclear whether the metabolic and neuromuscular phenotypes were due to Slurp1 deficiency, because we found that the targeted Slurp1 mutation reduced the expression of several neighboring genes (e.g., Slurp2, Lypd2). We therefore created a new line of knockout mice (Slurp1X(-/-) mice) with a simple nonsense mutation in exon 2. The Slurp1X mutation did not reduce the expression of adjacent genes, but Slurp1X(-/-) mice exhibited all of the phenotypes observed in the original line of knockout mice. Thus, Slurp1 deficiency in mice elicits metabolic and neuromuscular abnormalities in addition to PPK

Renewal MI Dental Composite Etch and Seal Properties

This study's aim was to assess whether the Renewal MI composite can self-etch enamel, seal sound cavities, and stabilize demineralized dentine. Etching was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cavity sealing was quantified using the ISO-11405 dye microleakage test. Demineralized dentine stabilization was evaluated by visualizing resin tag formation, enzyme activity and mineral precipitation at the adhesion interface. Renewal MI provided a mild etching of sound enamel in comparison with 37% phosphoric acid. It provided a comparable seal of sound cavities to Z250/Scotchbond Universal adhesive and a superior seal to Activa, Fuji IX and Fuji II LC. With demineralized dentine, Renewal MI formed 300-400 µm resin tags covering 63% of the adhesion interface compared with 55 and 39% for Z250/Scotchbond and Activa. Fuji IX and Fuji II LC formed no resin tags. A higher tag percentage correlated with lower surface enzyme activity. Unlike Activa and Fuji II LC, Renewal MI promoted mineral precipitation from simulated body fluid, occluding adjacent dentinal tubules within 6 months. These novel etching and sealing properties may facilitate Renewal MI's application in minimally invasive dentistry

Myoclonus in adult Huntington's disease

Two brothers with clinically definite adult Huntington's disease developed disabling myoclonus years after the first signs of the disease. Their electroencephalograms were consistent with a primary generalized epilipsy, although neither man had seizures. The myoclonus was controlled with valproic acid therapy.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50341/1/410290217_ftp.pd