Public health expenditure, governance and health outcomes in Malaysia

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), government plays a crucial role in providing quality life for its citizens through good health system. There has been less attention given in analysing the relationship between government expenditure, governance and health outcomes particularly in developing countries. This paper aims to study the impact of public health expenditure and governance on health outcomes in Malaysia. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration framework has been used to analyse data from 1984 to 2009. The results based on the bounds testing procedure show that a stable, long-run relationship exists between health outcomes and their determinants; namely income level, public health expenditure, corruption and government stability. The results also reveal that public health expenditure and corruption affect long- and short run health outcomes in Malaysia. The findings are important to the policy makers in making decisions to improve the citizens’ quality of life. We suggest the Ministry of Health of Malaysia to conduct more consultations with other ministries and other stakeholders in health services as to identify the needs and emphasize on the importance of health program to the society. At the same time, attention should be given to reduce or eliminate the corruption rate as it has adverse effects on the country

Complete genome sequence of the motile actinomycete Actinoplanes missouriensis 431T (= NBRC 102363T)

Actinoplanes missouriensis Couch 1963 is a well-characterized member of the genus Actinoplanes, which is of morphological interest because its members typically produce sporangia containing motile spores. The sporangiospores are motile by means of flagella and exhibit chemotactic properties. It is of further interest that members of Actinoplanes are prolific sources of novel antibiotics, enzymes, and other bioactive compounds. Here, we describe the features of A. missouriensis 431(T), together with the complete genome sequence and annotation. The 8,773,466 bp genome contains 8,125 protein-coding and 79 RNA genes

Hydroponic culture conditions.

<p>Hydroponic culture conditions.</p

Novel Methods to Generate Active Ingredients-Enriched Ashwagandha Leaves and Extracts - Fig 2

<p>(<b>A</b>) Hydroponic cultivation system for Ashwagandha and (<b>B)</b> hydroponically grown leaves are shown. (<b>C</b>) Quantitative analysis of the effect of cultivation medium on plant characteristics showing no significance effect on the indicated attributes. (<b>D</b>) Cultivation in medium with 4 units caused hypertrophic roots, and addition of 4 units of NaCl caused decrease in root volume. (<b>E</b>) Effect of UV and temperature stress on hydroponically cultivated Ashwagandha. Exposure to UV-A during night caused leaf curling. Cultivation temperature 37/22 caused thick and dark green leaves, and 42/22 (light/dark) was lethal. (<b>F</b>) Cytotoxic assays of extracts (10 μg/ml) prepared from dried hydroponic leaves (100 mg/ml) cultivated under UV and temperature stress did not show any significant difference.</p