33 research outputs found
"It Wasn't Me, It Was Them!" Social Influence in Risky Behaviour by Adolescents
Institutional information does not seem to prevent drug experimentation. We use Add Health panel data (1994-1996) to examine risky behaviour by adolescents (the consumption of tobacco, alcohol and marijuana). We find that such behaviours are correlated with the (lagged) behaviour of three peer groups: others in the same school year; others one school year higher than the individual in the same school; and the individual's friends. Peer group effects are strongest within sexes. However girls do also follow boys, while boys are only little affected by their female peers. We also find evidence of non-linearities in peer group effects.social interactions, smoking, drinking
Group and individual risk preferences : a lottery-choice experiment
This paper focuses on decision making under risk, comparing group and individual risk preferences in a lottery-choice experiment inspired by Holt and Laury (2002). The experiment presents subjects with a menu of unordered lottery choices which allows us to measure risk aversion. In the individual treatment, subjects make lottery choices individually ; in the group treatment, each subject was placed in an anonymous group of three, where unanimous lottery choice decisions were made via voting. Finally, in a third treatment, called the choice treatment, subjects could choose whether to be on their own or in a group. Our main findings are that groups are more likely than individuals to choose safe lotteries for decisions with low winning percentages. Moreover, groups converge toward less risky decisions because subjects who were relatively less risk averse were more likely to change their vote in order to conform to the group average decision ; more risk-averse individuals were less likely to change their preferences. Finally our results reveal a positive relationship between preference for risk and willingness to decide alone.Experiment, decision rule, individual decision, group decision.
Preference Formation, School Dissatisfaction and Risky Behavior of Adolescents
School dissatisfaction is an important component of the subjective well-being of adolescents associated with "risky behavior" like drug use, unprotected sex, norm violations and illegal behavior. We extend the standard human capital model to joint human investment (education) and disinvestment (risky behavior). Based on this model, we develop a general dynamic framework to analyze the preference formation of children and behavioral change at school. Once an educational norm is set by adults, children can rationally deviate from this norm, while staying at school, after experiencing bad surprises like a school failure. The same type of dynamic equation can be used in a sequence to predict education, satisfaction with school, and a host of risky behavior. We test these assumptions with a unique panel data set on American adolescents attending middle or high school. School dissatisfaction is found to have a significant positive effect upon nine different types of risky behavior.Education; Satisfaction; Risky behavior; Preference formation; Economic behavior of children
Group and individual risk preferences: a lottery-choice experiment
URL des Cahiers : https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/CAHIERS-MSECahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques 2006.63 - ISSN 1624-0340This paper focuses on decision making under risk, comparing group and individual risk preferences in a lottery-choice experiment inspired by Holt and Laury (2002). The experiment presents subjects with a menu of unordered lottery choices which allows us to measure risk aversion. In the individual treatment, subjects make lottery choices individually; in the group treatment, each subject was placed in an anonymous group of three, where unanimous lottery choice decisions were made via voting. Finally, in a third treatment, called the choice treatment, subjects could choose whether to be on their own or in a group. Our main findings are that groups are more likely than individuals to choose safe lotteries for decisions with low winning percentages. Moreover, groups converge toward less risky decisions because subjects who were relatively less risk averse were more likely to change their vote in order to conform to the group average decision; more risk-averse individuals were less likely to change their preferences. Finally our results reveal a positive relationship between preference for risk and willingness to decide alone.Ce papier s'intĂ©resse Ă la prise de dĂ©cision dans le risque, en comparant les prĂ©fĂ©rences vis-Ă -vis du risque de groupes et d'individus Ă travers une expĂ©rience de choix de loteries inspirĂ©e de Holt et Laury (2002). L'expĂ©rience met les sujets face Ă une sĂ©rie de choix non-ordonnĂ©s entre loteries permettant de mesurer leur aversion au risque. Dans le traitement individu, les sujets font leurs choix de loterie seuls ; dans le traitement groupe, chaque sujet est intĂ©grĂ© dans un groupe de trois personnes anonymes, oĂč les choix de loterie sont pris Ă l'unanimitĂ© Ă travers un processus de vote. Enfin, dans un troisiĂšme traitement, appelĂ© traitement choix, les sujets peuvent choisir entre prendre leur dĂ©cision seul ou en groupe. Nos principales observations sont que les groupes sont plus prompts que les individus Ă choisir des loteries sĂ»res lorsque les dĂ©cisions portent sur de faibles pourcentages de gain. De plus, les groupes convergent vers des dĂ©cisions peu risquĂ©es car les individus que sont relativement peu averses au risque modifient plus probablement leur vote en faveur de la dĂ©cision moyenne du groupe ; les individus plus averses au risque changent moins probablement leurs prĂ©fĂ©rences. Enfin, nos rĂ©sultats soulignent une relation positive entre le goĂ»t du risque et la disposition Ă dĂ©cider seul
Revue d'économie politique - Les journées de Microéconomie Appliquée 2012
International audienceCe numĂ©ro spĂ©cial de la Revue dâEconomie Politique a Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ© dans le cadre des XXIXes JournĂ©es de MicroĂ©conomie AppliquĂ©e (JMA) qui se sont dĂ©roulĂ©es Ă Brest les 7 et 8 juin 2012 Ă lâESC Bretagne Brest (aujourdâhui France Business School â Campus de Brest). Ces JMA ont Ă©tĂ© conjointement organisĂ©es par lâESC Bretagne Brest et Telecom Bretagne
Cafet'n'Lab - Mise au point de nouvelles méthodologies pour étudier l'influence de l'information et des caractéristiques des produits sur les choix alimentaires
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Revue d'économie politique - Les journées de Microéconomie Appliquée 2012
International audienceCe numĂ©ro spĂ©cial de la Revue dâEconomie Politique a Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ© dans le cadre des XXIXes JournĂ©es de MicroĂ©conomie AppliquĂ©e (JMA) qui se sont dĂ©roulĂ©es Ă Brest les 7 et 8 juin 2012 Ă lâESC Bretagne Brest (aujourdâhui France Business School â Campus de Brest). Ces JMA ont Ă©tĂ© conjointement organisĂ©es par lâESC Bretagne Brest et Telecom Bretagne
Faim et décisions intertemporelles : littérature expérimentale et illustration empirique
International audienceHunger seems to influence intertemporal preferences. This physiological state is associated with an increase in discount rates, on the one hand, and a preference for "less healthy" foods, on the other hand. The problem of intertemporal trade-off in relation with the state of satiety is explored through several experiments from the literature and illustrated by an empirical study between moments of the day associated with meals (and hence hunger) and intertemporal preferences. The results show an increase of preference for present linked to hunger. Results are analyzed with discount rates and projection bias.La faim semble influencer les prĂ©fĂ©rences intertemporelles. Cet Ă©tat physiologique est associĂ© Ă une augmentation des taux dâescompte, dâune part, et Ă une prĂ©fĂ©rence pour les aliments « moins sains », dâautre part. La problĂ©matique dâarbitrage intertemporel en relation avec lâĂ©tat de satiĂ©tĂ© est explorĂ©e Ă travers plusieurs expĂ©riences issues de la littĂ©rature et illustrĂ©e par une Ă©tude empirique mettant en relation des moments de la journĂ©e associĂ©s aux repas (et par extension Ă la faim) et des prĂ©fĂ©rences intertemporelles. Les rĂ©sultats montrent une hausse de la prĂ©fĂ©rence pour le prĂ©sent associĂ©e Ă la faim. Ils sont analysĂ©s Ă travers les notions dâescompte et de biais de projection
Responsabilité sociale et incitations : partage et don des étudiants dans une framed field experiment
Dans le cadre dâune Ă©tude sur la responsabilitĂ© social Ă travers le partage et le don, nousĂ©tudions lâimpact dâune charte sur la participation et sur le montant (partagĂ© ou donnĂ©). UneexpĂ©rience de terrain a Ă©tĂ© conduite auprĂšs dâĂ©tudiants dâune Ecole de Commerce, le systĂšmeincitatif ne repose pas sur de lâargent mais sur des points dits « alternants » utiles dans lecadre de lâobtention de leur diplĂŽme. Ces Ă©tudiants sont invitĂ©s Ă en donner pour des projetssoutenants diverses causes (humanitaire, diversitĂ©, environnement). Les statistiquesdescriptives ne rĂ©vĂšlent pas dâeffet « Charte ». Lâanalyse est approfondie grĂące Ă des modĂšlesemboitĂ©s permettant la prise en compte de mĂ©canismes de dĂ©cision spĂ©cifiques
Preferences & choices experiments with real products consumption: application with plant-based proteins
International audienceIn a context of vegetablization of meals, a range of plant-based substitutes is developing that imitate the taste and nutritional properties of meat products. Moreover, the motivations to reduce the consumption of meat products or to replace them by plant-based substitutes are based on several arguments such as health, environment or animal welfare. Through two studies, we explore the preferences for plant-based meat substitutes by combining the tools of sensory evaluation with those of experimental economics. Thus, subjects taste real products and express themselves about them, then they are exposed to choices related to these products (maintaining consumption or returning to their usual product). Our results show that a third of the participants appreciate the substitutes and are ready to renew their consumption.Dans un contexte de vĂ©gĂ©talisation des repas se dĂ©veloppe une offre de substituts vĂ©gĂ©taux imitant les propriĂ©tĂ©s gustatives et nutritionnelles des produits carnĂ©s. Par ailleurs, les motivations Ă rĂ©duire la consommation de produits carnĂ©s ou Ă les remplacer par des substituts vĂ©gĂ©taux repose sur plusieurs arguments tels que la santĂ©, lâenvironnement ou le bien-ĂȘtre animal. A travers deux Ă©tudes, nous explorons les prĂ©fĂ©rences pour des substituts vĂ©gĂ©taux Ă la viande en associant les outils de lâĂ©valuation sensorielles Ă ceux de lâĂ©conomie expĂ©rimentale. Ainsi les sujets dĂ©gustent des produits rĂ©els et sâexpriment Ă leur sujet, puis ils sont soumis Ă des choix relatifs Ă ces produits (maintient de la consommation ou retour Ă leur produit habituel). Nos rĂ©sultats montre quâun tiers des participants apprĂ©cient les substituts et quâils sont prĂȘt Ă en renouveler la consommation