Endocrinological Changes after Anamorelin Administration in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer

Changes in hormone levels in patients with cancer cachexia after anamorelin administration have not been fully investigated. This study aimed to determine how anamorelin affects the endocrine system in patients with gastrointestinal cancer and cachexia. We prospectively enrolled 13 patients and comprehensively investigated their body weight and levels of serum albumin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and hormones before (week 0) and 3 and 12 weeks after anamorelin administration. The variables were evaluated at week 3 in 9 patients and at week 12 in 5 patients. At week 3, anamorelin administration resulted in body weight gain and increased the levels of growth hormone and HbA1c, as well as insulin-like growth factor-1 standard deviation scores (IGF-1 SD scores). At the same time, negative correlations were observed between ΔIGF-1 SD score and Δthyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) and between ΔIGF-1 SD score and Δfree testosterone. ΔBody weight and ΔIGF-1 SD score correlated positively at week 12. These results suggest that TSH and free testosterone levels can be affected 3 weeks after anamorelin administration; however, those variables tend to return to a state of equilibrium, and anabolic effects of anamorelin appear in long-term (≥ 12 weeks) users

Effects of atelocollagen on neural stem cell function and its migrating capacity into brain in psychiatric disease model

Abstract Stem cell therapy is well proposed as a potential method for the improvement of neurodegenerative damage in the brain. Among several different procedures to reach the cells into the injured lesion, the intravenous (IV) injection has benefit as a minimally invasive approach. However, for the brain disease, prompt development of the effective treatment way of cellular biodistribution of stem cells into the brain after IV injection is needed. Atelocollagen has been used as an adjunctive material in a gene, drug and cell delivery system because of its extremely low antigenicity and bioabsorbability to protect these transplants from intrabody environment. However, there is little work about the direct effect of atelocollagen on stem cells, we examined the functional change of survival, proliferation, migration and differentiation of cultured neural stem cells (NSCs) induced by atelocollagen in vitro. By 72-h treatment 0.01-0.05 % atelocollagen showed no significant effects on survival, proliferation and migration of NSCs, while 0.03-0.05 % atelocollagen induced significant reduction of neuronal differentiation and increase of astrocytic differentiation. Furthermore, IV treated NSCs complexed with atelocollagen (0.02 %) could effectively migrate into the brain rather than NSC treated alone using chronic alcohol binge model rat. These experiments suggested that high dose of atelocollagen exerts direct influence on NSC function but under 0.03 % of atelocollagen induces beneficial effect on regenerative approach of IV administration of NSCs for CNS disease

Probiotic Bifidobacterium breve Induces IL-10-Producing Tr1 Cells in the Colon

Specific intestinal microbiota has been shown to induce Foxp3+ regulatory T cell development. However, it remains unclear how development of another regulatory T cell subset, Tr1 cells, is regulated in the intestine. Here, we analyzed the role of two probiotic strains of intestinal bacteria, Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium breve in T cell development in the intestine. B. breve, but not L. casei, induced development of IL-10-producing Tr1 cells that express cMaf, IL-21, and Ahr in the large intestine. Intestinal CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) mediated B. breve-induced development of IL-10-producing T cells. CD103+ DCs from Il10−/−, Tlr2−/−, and Myd88−/− mice showed defective B. breve-induced Tr1 cell development. B. breve-treated CD103+ DCs failed to induce IL-10 production from co-cultured Il27ra−/− T cells. B. breve treatment of Tlr2−/− mice did not increase IL-10-producing T cells in the colonic lamina propria. Thus, B. breve activates intestinal CD103+ DCs to produce IL-10 and IL-27 via the TLR2/MyD88 pathway thereby inducing IL-10-producing Tr1 cells in the large intestine. Oral B. breve administration ameliorated colitis in immunocompromised mice given naïve CD4+ T cells from wild-type mice, but not Il10−/− mice. These findings demonstrate that B. breve prevents intestinal inflammation through the induction of intestinal IL-10-producing Tr1 cells

一光子イオン化飛行時間型質量分析法による炭素クラスターおよびその水素化物の研究

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(理学)甲第11128号理博第2841号新制||理||1425(附属図書館)UT51-2004-R4京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻(主査)助教授 百瀬 孝昌, 教授 梶本 興亜, 教授 寺嶋 正秀学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Fabrication of tough, anisotropic, chemical-crosslinker-free poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous cryogels via electrospinning

PVA hydrogels with anisotropic structures have many biomedical applications; however, the hydrophilicity of PVA nanofibers degrades their mechanical properties, and the residual unreacted chemical crosslinkers are disadvantageous for medical use. Therefore, maintaining the stability of aqueous solutions without using crosslinkers is essential while synthesizing electrospun anisotropic PVA nanofibers. Herein, we developed a novel fabrication method for synthesizing tough, anisotropic, and chemical-crosslinker-free nanofibrous cryogels composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and glycerol (Gly) via electrospinning in conjunction with freeze–thawing treatment. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction, attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed an enhanced crystallinity of the PVA and hydrogen bonds in the PVA/Gly nanofibers after freeze–thawing, thereby leading to improved stability of the PVA/Gly nanofiber in water. The scanning electron microscopy observation and tensile tests revealed that the addition of Gly improved both the orientation and the mechanical properties. The values of the toughness parallel and vertical to the fiber axis direction were 4.20 ± 0.63 MPa and 2.17 ± 0.27 MPa, respectively, thus revealing the anisotropy of this mechanical property. The PVA/Gly nanofibrous cryogel consisted of physically crosslinked biocompatible materials featuring toughness and mechanical anisotropy, which are favorable for medical applications including tissue engineering

A case report of necrotizing soft tissue infection of the chest wall : Effective management with serial debridement

Introduction: Necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) of the chest wall is a rare, rapidly spreading, highly lethal surgical disease. Radical debridement interferes with the important anatomical function of the chest wall. We re-port a case of chest wall NSTI that was successfully managed with early diagnosis and serial debridement. Presentation of case: A 43-year-old, previously healthy woman presented with severe malaise and worsening right axillary pain. She was severely lethargic and had a painful, large, pale lesion with surrounding erythema of the right chest and trunk. Computed tomography revealed NSTI, with diffuse soft tissue inflammation extending from the axilla to the lower abdomen. There was no obvious entry portal. Prompt surgical drainage was established. Group A streptococcus infection was diagnosed. During her 3-month postoperative course, she underwent four more surgeries, including two debridements. This treatment proved successful and avoided the need for complicated muscle flap reconstruction. She was discharged on postoperative day 109. Discussion: Group A streptococcus can cause NSTI even in immunocompetent patients without an entry portal. Radical debridement is recommended for infection control. Preserving anatomical chest wall function, however, is also important. Serial debridement with close follow-up solved the problem in this patient. Conclusions: Serial debridement with close follow-up enabled to avoid large tissue deficits and complicated re-construction in the case of NSTI of the chest wall. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IJS Publishing Group Ltd

Preoperative embolization strategy for the combined resection of replaced right hepatic artery in pancreaticoduodenectomy : a small case series

Background Replaced right hepatic artery (rRHA) is a common vascular variation, and combined resection of this vessel is sometimes needed for the curative resection of pancreatic head malignancy. Safe surgical management has not been established, and there is a small number of reported cases. Here, we reported five cases, wherein preoperative embolization of rRHA was performed for combined resection. Case presentation All patients had pancreatic head malignancies that were in contact with rRHA. We performed a preoperative embolization of the rRHA before the scheduled pancreaticoduodenectomy for the combined resection. Arterial embolization was safely accomplished, and the communicating arcade from the left hepatic artery via the hilar plate was clearly revealed in all cases. Four patients underwent the operative procedure, except for one patient who had liver metastasis at laparotomy. No patient suffered from a severe abnormal liver function during the management; however, one patient had multiple liver infarctions during the postoperative course. Conclusions Preoperative embolization for the combined resection of rRHA in pancreaticoduodenectomy can be a management option for the precise evaluation of hemodynamics after sacrificing rRHA. In our cases, arterial flow to the right liver lobe was supplied by the left hepatic artery via the bypass route, including the communicating arcade of the hilar plate