208 research outputs found
Using Interactive Theater to Create Socioculturally Relevant CommunityâBased Intimate Partner Violence Prevention
This article describes the use of interactive theater, audience response assessment, and peer educators to create communityâgenerated approaches for bystander interventions (i.e., actions taken by people who become aware of controlling, abusive and violent behavior of others) to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV) and to foster change in community norms. We include a case example of an ongoing universityâcommunity partnership, which mobilizes community members to develop and implement socioculturally relevant IPV prevention programs in multiple Asian communities. We used interactive theater at a community eventâa walk to raise awareness about IPV in South Asian communitiesâand examined how the enacted bystander interventions reflect specific community contexts. We detail the challenges and limitations we have encountered in our attempts to implement this approach in collaboration with our community partners.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/116302/1/ajcp9700.pd
New Maximum Likelihood Estimators for Eukaryotic Intron Evolution
The evolution of spliceosomal introns remains poorly understood. Although many approaches have been used to infer intron evolution from the patterns of intron position conservation, the results to date have been contradictory. In this paper, we address the problem using a novel maximum likelihood method, which allows estimation of the frequency of intron insertion target sites, together with the rates of intron gain and loss. We analyzed the pattern of 10,044 introns (7,221 intron positions) in the conserved regions of 684 sets of orthologs from seven eukaryotes. We determined that there is an average of one target site per 11.86 base pairs (bp) (95% confidence interval, 9.27 to 14.39 bp). In addition, our results showed that: (i) overall intron gains are ~25% greater than intron losses, although specific patterns vary with time and lineage; (ii) parallel gains account for ~18.5% of shared intron positions; and (iii) reacquisition following loss accounts for ~0.5% of all intron positions. Our results should assist in resolving the long-standing problem of inferring the evolution of spliceosomal introns
Long-term trends in depression among women separated from abusive partners
This study tested a cumulative adversity hypothesis, where differences in postseparation
stressors among battered women were expected to lead to a widening gap in levels of
womenâs depression over time. Ninety-four women separated fromtheir abusive partners
were interviewed six times over a 2-year period. Consistent with the hypothesis, inequalities
grew over time.Women who were exposed to the greatest amount of violence and secondary
stressors shortly after shelter exit experienced relatively higher levels of depression
that either did not improve or significantly increased with time. Social support was
the only resource to have the hypothesized decreasing effect on depression.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90508/1/Anderson-Saunders-Yoshihama-Bybee-Sullivan _2003 Long term trends in depression among survivors VAW.pd
Intron Dynamics in Ribosomal Protein Genes
The role of spliceosomal introns in eukaryotic genomes remains obscure. A large scale analysis of intron presence/absence patterns in many gene families and species is a necessary step to clarify the role of these introns. In this analysis, we used a maximum likelihood method to reconstruct the evolution of 2,961 introns in a dataset of 76 ribosomal protein genes from 22 eukaryotes and validated the results by a maximum parsimony method. Our results show that the trends of intron gain and loss differed across species in a given kingdom but appeared to be consistent within subphyla. Most subphyla in the dataset diverged around 1 billion years ago, when the âBig Bangâ radiation occurred. We speculate that spliceosomal introns may play a role in the explosion of many eukaryotes at the Big Bang radiation
Anomalous thermal conductivity of NaV2O5 as compared to conventional spin-Peierls system CuGeO3
A huge increase of thermal conductivity k is observed at the phase transition
in stoichiometric NaV2O5. This anomaly decreases and gradually disappears with
deviation from stoichiometry in Na(1-x}V2O5 (x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04).
This behavior is compared with that of pure and Zn-doped CuGeO3 where only
modest kinks in the k(T) curves are observed at the spin-Peierls transition.
The change of k at critical temperature Tc could be partially attributed to the
opening of an energy gap in the magnetic excitation spectrum excluding the
scattering of thermal phonons on spin fluctuations. However, the reason for
such a strong anomaly in the k(T) may lie not only in the different energy
scales of CuGeO3 and NaV2O5, but also in the different character of the phase
transition in NaV2O5 which can have largely a structural origin, e.g. connected
with the charge ordering.Comment: PostScript 4 pages, 4 PostScript pictures. Submitted to Physical
Review Letter
Raman Scattering in the Inorganic Spin-Peierls System alpha'-Na_{1-delta}V_2O_5
We have studied the spin-Peierls (SP) transition in alpha'-Na_{1-delta}V_2O_5
(delta = 0, 0.01 and 0.1) by means of Raman scattering. At room temperature, we
observe six A_1 and three A_2 phonon modes and a broad Raman band. Below
T_{SP}several new peaks and a new broad band appear. The new peak at 62 cm^{-1}
originates from the SP-gap excitation. The new peak at 128 cm^{-1} and the new
broad band between 130 and 400 cm^{-1} come from two magnetic excitations. The
new peaks at 102, 646 and 944 cm^{-1} are assigned to the folded phonon modes
and their Na^+-ion deficiency dependence shows that the defect of Na^+ ion
suppresses the SPtransition. The polarized Raman spectra below T_{SP} suggest
that the possible crystal symmetry is C_s^2(Pn) or C_1^1(P1). The asymmetric
lineshape of the 531-cm^{-1} peak superimposed on the electronic Raman band
from the d-d transition around 600 cm^{-1} is interpreted in terms of the Fano
resonance between the electronic continuous band and the phonon with a finite
lifetime. The defects of the Na^+ ions reduce the Fano effect because the life
time of the phonon and the phonon-continuum interaction are decreased.Comment: 24 pages, 10 Postscript figures,uses jpsj.sty and epsf.sty. in press
in J. Phys. Soc. Jp
Can a frustrated spin-cluster model describe the low-temperature physics of NaV_2O_5 ?
Recent experimental evidence suggest the existence of three distinct
V-valence states (V^{+4}, V^{+4.5} and V^{+5}) in the low-temperature phase of
NaV_2O_5 in apparent discrepancy with the observed spin-gap. We investigate a
novel spin cluster model, consisting of weakly coupled, frustrated four-spin
clusters aligned along the crystallographic b-axis that was recently proposed
to reconcile these experimental observations. We have studied the phase diagram
and the magnon dispersion relation of this model using DMRG, exact
diagonalization and a novel cluster-operator theory. We find a spin-gap for all
parameter values and two distinct phases, a cluster phase and a Haldane phase.
We evaluate the size of the gap and the magnon dispersion and find no parameter
regime which would reproduce the experimental results. We conclude that this
model is inappropriate for the low-temperature regime of NaV_2O_5
High frequency ESR investigation on dynamical charge disproportionation and spin gap excitation in NaV_2O_5
A significant frequency dependence of the ESR line width is found in NaV_2O_5
between 34-100 K and the line width increases as the resonance frequency is
increased from 95 GHz to 760 GHz. The observed frequency dependence is
qualitatively explained in terms of the dynamical charge disproportionation.
The present results show the essential role of the internal charge degree of
freedom in a V-O-V bond. We have also proposed the existence of the
Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction in the low temperature charge ordered phase
considering the breaking of the selection rule of ESR realized as the direct
observation of the spin gap excitation.Comment: 9 figures submitted to J. Phys.Soc. Jp
Spin gap behavior and charge ordering in \alpha^{\prime}-NaV_2O_5 probed by light scattering
We present a detailed analysis of light scattering experiments performed on
the quarter-filled spin ladder compound -NaVO for
the temperature range 5 KT300 K. This system undergoes a phase
transition into a singlet ground state at T=34 K accompanied by the formation
of a super structure. For T34 K several new modes were detected. Three of
these modes are identified as magnetic bound states. Experimental evidence for
charge ordering on the V sites is detected as an anomalous shift and splitting
of a V-O vibration at 422 cm for temperatures above 34 K. The smooth and
crossover-like onset of this ordering at T= 80 K is accompanied by
pretransitional fluctuations both in magnetic and phononic Raman scattering. It
resembles the effect of stripe order on the super structure intensities in
LaNiO.Comment: 36 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in PRB (sept.99
X-ray Investigation of the Magneto-elastic Instability of alpha'-NaV2O5
We present an X-ray diffuse scattering study of the pretransitional
structural fluctuations of the magneto-elastic transition in alpha'-NaV2O5.
This transition is characterized by the appearance below Tsp~35K of satellite
reflections at the reduced wave vector (1/2,1/2,1/4). A large regime of
structural fluctuations is measured up to 90 K. These fluctuations are three
dimensional between Tsp and ~50K and quasi-one dimensional above ~60K. At 40 K
the anisotropy ratio is found to be (xib :xia :xic)= (3.8 : 1.8 : 1), which
reveals the importance of transverse interactions in the stabilization of the
low temperature phase. We discuss our results within the framework of recent
theories dealing with the simultaneous occurrence of a charge ordering, a spin
gap and a lattice distortion in this intriguing compound.Comment: Accepted in PRB Rapid.comm. Corrected typos, references added,
figures improve
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