Выращивание ремонтного молодняка кур при использовании пробиотических препаратов «Бацелл» и «Моноспорин»

Применение пробиотических препаратов с первых дней жизни цыплят позволит получить в дальнейшем здоровую птицу с высокой реализацией генетического потенциала

The transcription factor SALL4 regulates stemness of EpCAM-positive hepatocellular carcinoma

Background & Aims: Recent evidence suggests that hepatocellular carcinoma can be classified into certain molecular subtypes with distinct prognoses based on the stem/maturational status of the tumor. We investigated the transcription program deregulated in hepatocellular carcinomas with stem cell features. Methods: Gene and protein expression profiles were obtained from 238 (analyzed by microarray), 144 (analyzed by immunohistochemistry), and 61 (analyzed by qRT-PCR) hepatocellular carcinoma cases. Activation/suppression of an identified transcription factor was used to evaluate its role in cell lines. The relationship of the transcription factor and prognosis was statistically examined. Results: The transcription factor SALL4, known to regulate stemness in embryonic and hematopoietic stem cells, was found to be activated in a hepatocellular carcinoma subtype with stem cell features. SALL4-positive hepatocellular carcinoma patients were associated with high values of serum alpha fetoprotein, high frequency of hepatitis B virus infection, and poor prognosis after surgery compared with SALL4-negative patients. Activation of SALL4 enhanced spheroid formation and invasion capacities, key characteristics of cancer stem cells, and up-regulated the hepatic stem cell markers KRT19, EPCAM, and CD44 in cell lines. Knockdown of SALL4 resulted in the down-regulation of these stem cell markers, together with attenuation of the invasion capacity. The SALL4 expression status was associated with histone deacetylase activity in cell lines, and the histone deacetylase inhibitor successfully suppressed proliferation of SALL4-positive hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Conclusions: SALL4 is a valuable biomarker and therapeutic target for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with stem cell features. © 2013 European Association for the Study of the Liver

医療データ解析へのサポートベクトルマシン(SVM)の応用

In our previous papers we proposed a novel screening methodbthat assists the diagnosis of Grave\u27s hyperthyrodism via two types of neural networks by making use of routine test data.This method can be applied by non-specialists during physical check-ups at a low cost and is expected to lead to rapid referrals for examination and treatment by thyroid specialists, that is,toimprove patient\u27QOL. In this report,we apply the support vector machine,which is a novel learning method building on kernels, to the classification problems of madical data such as Wisconsin breast cancer data or our screening of hyperthyroid.It turned out that the support vector machine ,after best turning of parameters based on the grid-search method,works quite well to correctly the lacated in the bordering area between two classes.Our results suggest that the SVM would work as a useful methods in our screening in addition to previous two types of neural networks

The Apostasia genome and the evolution of orchids

Constituting approximately 10% of flowering plant species, orchids (Orchidaceae) display unique flower morphologies, possess an extraordinary diversity in lifestyle, and have successfully colonized almost every habitat on Earth(1-3). Here we report the draft genome sequence of Apostasia shenzhenica(4), a representative of one of two genera that form a sister lineage to the rest of the Orchidaceae, providing a reference for inferring the genome content and structure of the most recent common ancestor of all extant orchids and improving our understanding of their origins and evolution. In addition, we present transcriptome data for representatives of Vanilloideae, Cypripedioideae and Orchidoideae, and novel third-generation genome data for two species of Epidendroideae, covering all five orchid subfamilies. A. shenzhenica shows clear evidence of a whole-genome duplication, which is shared by all orchids and occurred shortly before their divergence. Comparisons between A. shenzhenica and other orchids and angiosperms also permitted the reconstruction of an ancestral orchid gene toolkit. We identify new gene families, gene family expansions and contractions, and changes within MADS-box gene classes, which control a diverse suite of developmental processes, during orchid evolution. This study sheds new light on the genetic mechanisms underpinning key orchid innovations, including the development of the labellum and gynostemium, pollinia, and seeds without endosperm, as well as the evolution of epiphytism; reveals relationships between the Orchidaceae subfamilies; and helps clarify the evolutionary history of orchids within the angiosperms

MRIにおける呼吸同期撮像法に関する基礎的検討

上腹部MRIの検査では,呼吸運動によってモーションアーチファクトが発生し,読影診断に影響を与えてしまうおそれがある.本研究ではアーチファクトを低減する方法のうち呼吸同期撮像法の特性について基礎的な実験を行った.呼吸同期撮像法では呼吸運動をセンサでモニタリングし,位置変動の少ない呼気相でのみ信号収集を行う撮像法である.模擬呼吸運動させたファントムを対象として信号収集のタイミングと信号収集期間を決定するパラメータであるトリガポイントを変化させて撮像を行った.アーチファクト低減効果を視覚的および画素データを使用したNMSE(Normalized Mean Square Error)を算出することで評価を実施した.結果としてファントムの動きが大きい位相に信号収集期間設定した場合ほど効果が見られず,呼吸運動波形にあったパラメータ設定を行うことが重要であることが確認できた

キリバナヒンシツ ニ オヨボス ユリユニュウキュウ ノ ヒョウオンタイ デノ チョゾウ ト キカン ノ エイキョウ

オランダから輸入したオリエンタル系`カサブランカ\u27とLA系`セベコデジール\u27の球根を-0.5～-2.0℃の氷温帯で温度を変えて貯蔵し,定植期を変えて栽培した時の切り花品質を調査した。2003年3月18日から-1.5℃と-2.0℃で球根を約3,6,8,9,11か月間貯蔵した。ただし,-1.5℃貯蔵区は7月以降,約1か月ごとに温度を0.2℃ずつ上げていき,11月以降の貯蔵温度は-0.5℃一定とした。-2.0℃は一定であり,別に8か月貯蔵では,-1.5℃一定条件で貯蔵する区も設けた。栽培条件は最低夜温15℃とし,7～10月にかけて高温と強光を避けるために50%の寒冷紗を用いて遮光した。`カサブランカ\u27,`セベコデジール\u27ともに,-1.5℃貯蔵では6か月を過ぎると芽の伸長がみられ,りん片・茎のBrix値が低下した。-2.0℃貯蔵では11か月貯蔵後でも芽の伸長はほぼ抑制され,りん片・茎のBrix値低下も-1.5℃貯蔵に比べ小さかった。LT50値は,-2.0℃貯蔵では-1.5℃貯蔵よりも低く,貯蔵期間が長くなると高くなった。`カサブランカ\u27では,貯蔵期間が長くなるにつれて切り花の長さと重さおよび花数が減少する傾向にあった。また6か月以上貯蔵すると,異常花と障害葉の発生がみられ,異常花は-1.5℃貯蔵区で,障害葉は-2.0℃貯蔵区でより多く発生した。-1.5℃一定で貯蔵すると異常花の発生は減少したが,障害葉の発生は-2.0℃貯蔵と変わらなかった。これに対し,`セベコデジール\u27では貯蔵の温度・期間に関わらず切り花の長さと重さにはほとんど差がなく,遮光によるアボーションを除き,花と葉に障害の発生もほとんどみられなかった。以上の結果,オリエンタル系の`カサブランカ\u27では,球根を6か月以上氷温帯で貯蔵すると採花時の切り花品質が低下するが,LA系の`セベコデジール\u27では11か月氷温帯で貯蔵しても切り花品質への影響はほとんどないことが明らかになった。Lily bulbs of Oriental hybrid \u27Casa Blanca\u27 and LA hybrid \u27Ceb Dazzle\u27 imported from Holland were stored at -1.5℃, -1.5℃±0.3℃ or -2.0℃±0.5℃ for various durations from 3 to 11 months beginning on 18 March. At storage temperatures of -1.5℃, bulbs were stored at -1.5℃±0.5℃ from 18 March to early July and thereafter storage temperature was increased by 0.2℃ per month until reaching -0.5℃. After reaching -0.5℃, temperature was maintained at -0.5℃±0.5℃. At storage temperature of -1.5℃±0.3℃ bulbs were stored for only 8 months. After the storage, they were grown in a greenhouse kept at minimum temperature of 15℃ and under 50% shaded condition from July to October to check the quality of cut flowers. In bulbs of both cultivars stored at -1.5℃ for more than 6 months, shoots elongated and Brix values of scales and stems decreased. In contrast, at -2.0℃ elongation of shoots was inhibited and lowering of Brix values of scales and stems was smaller. Estimated median lethal temperature (LT50) of shoots was lower in bulbs stored at -2.0℃ than at -1.5℃ and became higher slightly with longer storage duration at both temperatures. In \u27Casa Blanca\u27 prolonged storage at any temperatures reduced the weight and length of cut flowers and the number of flowers. Longer storage for more than 6 months increased the number of abnormal flowers and damaged leaves. More abnormal flowers and damaged leaves were observed at -1.5℃ and -2.0℃, respectively. Storage at -1.5℃±0.3℃ reduced the number of abnormal flowers, but did not change the number of damaged leaves compared to -2.0℃. On the other hand, in \u27Ceb Dazzle\u27 length and weight of cut flowers were almost the same and abnormal flowers and damaged leaves were hardly observed irrespective of storage duration and temperatures. However, abortion of flowers occurred in October planting due to low light intensity under shading. These results show that \u27Casa Blanca\u27 bulbs cannot produce cut flowers with high quality after storage at temperatures below zero for more than 6 months, but \u27Ceb Dazzle\u27 bulbs can be stored up to 11 months

Wolfberry genomes and the evolution of Lycium (Solanaceae)

AbstractWolfberry Lycium, an economically important genus of the Solanaceae family, contains approximately 80 species and shows a fragmented distribution pattern among the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Although several herbaceous species of Solanaceae have been subjected to genome sequencing, thus far, no genome sequences of woody representatives have been available. Here, we sequenced the genomes of 13 perennial woody species of Lycium, with a focus on Lycium barbarum. Integration with other genomes provides clear evidence supporting a whole-genome triplication (WGT) event shared by all hitherto sequenced solanaceous plants, which occurred shortly after the divergence of Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae. We identified new gene families and gene family expansions and contractions that first appeared in Solanaceae. Based on the identification of self-incompatibility related-gene families, we inferred that hybridization hotspots are enriched for genes that might be functioning in gametophytic self-incompatibility pathways in wolfberry. Extremely low expression of LOCULE NUBER (LC) and COLORLESS NON-RIPENING (CNR) orthologous genes during Lycium fruit development and ripening processes suggests functional diversification of these two genes between Lycium and tomato. The existence of additional flowering locus C-like MADS-box genes might correlate with the perennial flowering cycle of Lycium. Differential gene expression involved in the lignin biosynthetic pathway between Lycium and tomato likely illustrates woody and herbaceous differentiation. We also provide evidence that Lycium migrated from Africa into Asia, and subsequently from Asia into North America. Our results provide functional insights into Solanaceae origins, evolution and diversification.</jats:p