Performance of Yeast Microbial Fuel Cell Integrated with Sugarcane Bagasse Fermentation for COD Reduction and Electricity Generation

The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the efficiency of the Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) system incorporated with the fermentation process, with the aim of reducing COD and generating electricity, using sugarcane bagasse extract as a substrate, in the presence and absence of sugarcane fibers. There is a possibility of turning bagasse extract into renewable bioenergy to promote the sustainability of the environment and energy. As a result, the integration of liquid fermentation (LF) with MFC has improved efficiency compared to semi-solid state fermentation (S-SSF). The maximum power generated was 14.88 mW/m2, with an average COD removal of 39.68% per cycle. The variation margin of the liquid fermentation pH readings remained slightly decrease, with a slight deflection of +0.14 occurring from 4.33. With the absence of bagasse fibers, biofilm can grow freely on the anode surface so that the transfer of electrons is fast and produces a relatively high current. Experimental data showed a positive potential after an effective integration of the LF and MFC systems in the handling of waste. The product is then simultaneously converted into electrical energy. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Synergistic of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and glucose oxidase enzyme as co-biocatalyst of enzymatic microbial fuel cell (EMFC) in converting sugarcane bagasse extract into electricity

The microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an ecologically friendly alternative energy source. Due to the typically limited electron transfer in MFC systems, co-biocatalysts are necessary to enhance their performance. Enzymes are used as co-biocatalysts due to their superior ability to generate energy, and the system is known as an enzymatic microbial fuel cell (EMFC). One of the substrates that may be used is bagasse waste extracted from sugarcane. Saccharo­myces cerevisiae and the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) serve as co-biocatalysts in the breakdown of sugarcane bagasse waste in this study, which uses single-chamber EMFCs. In EMFC using sugarcane bagasse waste extract employing S. cerevisiae biocatalyst and glucose oxidase enzyme co-biocatalyst, the open circuit voltage was 0.56 V and the maximum power density was 146.65 mW m-2, an increase of 10.4 times to MFCs that solely employed only yeast biocatalyst. In addition, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction achieved by this technology is 75 %. In addition, the pH of sugarcane bagasse waste extract samples treated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and GOx enzyme decreased from 4.6 to 4.2. This research demonstrates that adding the co-biocatalyst GOx enzyme may boost the performance of the traditional yeast MFC

Upaya Penurunan Nilai COD Pada Limbah Tekstil Dan Batik Dengan Penambahan NaOCl

Batik and textile production produces liquid waste with a COD content above the environmental quality standard between 2,000-12,000 ppm. Efforts to reduce the value of COD are helped by the addition of NaOCl. This study aims to determine the pH and dose of NaOCl against COD reduction. Textile liquid waste used came from factory X while batik liquid waste came from factory Y; both factories are located in South Tangerang. In this study,  the pH range, 5, 7, and 9 and NaOCl concentrations were added in 3000, 4000, and 5000 ppm. The study begins with the measurement of the actual COD value in the two wastewater. The best results for batik waste were obtained at pH 5 with the addition of 4000 ppm NaOCl which resulted in a decrease of 93%.  Textile liquid waste shows the best results at pH 5 with an additional 5000 ppm NaOCl concentration which can reduce COD by 95%. The final result of the COD value has met the quality standard set by the government which is less than 250 ppm.Produksi batik dan tekstil menghasilkan limbah cair dengan kandungan COD di atas baku mutu lingkungan hidup antara 2.000-12.000 ppm. Upaya untuk menurunkan nilai COD dibantu dengan penambahan NaOCl. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pH dan dosis NaOCl terhadap penurunan COD. Limbah cair tekstil yang digunakan berasal dari pabrik X sedangkan limbah cair batik berasal dari pabrik Y; kedua pabrik berlokasi di Tangerang Selatan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan ragam pH, yaitu 5, 7, dan 9 serta konsentrasi NaOCl yang ditambahkan 3000, 4000, dan 5000 ppm. Penelitian diawali dengan pengukuran nilai COD yang sebenarnya pada kedua limbah cair tersebut. Hasil terbaik untuk limbah batik didapatkan pada pH 5 dengan penambahan NaOCl 4000 ppm yang menghasilkan penurunan sebesar 93%. Untuk limbah cair tekstil mebubjukkan hasil terbaik pada pH 5 dengan tambahan konsentrasi NaOCl 5000 ppm yang dapat menurunkan COD sebesar 95%. Hasil akhir nilai COD sudah memenuhi aturan baku mutu yang ditetapkan pemerintah yaitu kurang dari 250 ppm

The Ozonation Process for Increasing Value Added Tallow of Cow as A Polyol

The purpose of this research is to produce polyol, through the ozonation process and to find the best catalysts and solvents for the formation of hydroxyl group. The hydroxyl group is indicator of the formation polyol. The process of making polyols is unsaturated fatty acids of the cow through the process of ozonation, using the solvents of sorbitol and glycerol, as well as catalysts of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide. The reaction temperature is run at 50oC and ozone levels are 4.33, 4.795, 5.021, 5.480 grams. The best results used a glycerol solvent, a sodium sulfate catalyst, and a 5.48 gram ozon content

Performance and Techno-Economic Analysis of Scaling-up A Single-Chamber Yeast Microbial Fuel Cell as Dissolved Oxygen Biosensor

The Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are electrochemical devices that can be utilized as biosensors, specifically Dissolved Oxygen (DO) biosensors. In this research, performance and techno-economic of MFC-based DO biosensors with two sizes, small and large, were evaluated and analysed to determine whether it is more economical to use a small or large reactor. MFC-based DO biosensors were also applied to an irrigation canal. When MFC immersed into distilled water with several variations of DO, the correlation between DO and current density produced equation with R2 values around 0.9989 and 0.9979 for SYMFC and LYMFC, respectively. The power density for SYMFC and LYMFC was 3.48 and 10.89 mW/m2, respectively, in DO 6. Higher power densities are correlated with the electrode surface area, especially the larger cathodic surface area. When applied to the irrigation canal, DO values measured using SYMFC and LYMFC have errors of around 3.39 and 4.42%, respectively, when compared to DO values measured using DO meters. LYMFC requires a capital cost of around $234.22 or 2.57 times higher than SYMFC, although it generates almost similar cost per mW/m2,$ 21.51 and $ 26.23 for LYMFC and SYMFC, respectively. The results concluded that yeast MFC -based DO biosensors with smaller sizes can achieve more economical compared to larger sizes

Pengaruh pH dan Dosis NaOCl terhadap Penurunan Kadar COD dan Klor Bebas pada Limbah Cair Produksi Monomer Vinyl Klorida

Limbah cair dari produksi monomer vinyl klorida merupakan limbah yang mempunyai kandungan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) yang tinggi yaitu sekitar 1000 ppm dan Biohemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) sekitar 500 ppm, sedangkan nilai maksimal standar baku mutu air buangan ke badan air adalah 250 ppm untuk COD dan 100 ppm untuk BOD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pH dan dosis NaOCl terhadap penurunan COD dan kadar klor bebas serta untuk mendapatkan nilai pH dan dosis NaOCl yang optimal. Limbah cair produksi monomer vinyl klorida yang digunakan adalah limbah dari Pabrik X yang berada di Cilegon. Kadar COD yang tinggi disebabkan oleh kandungan senyawa Na(COOH) dalam limbah cair tersebut. Penurunkan nilai COD telah dilakukan dengan penambahan NaOCl yang merupakan salah satu produk dari Pabrik X tersebut sebesar 10 gam/jam pada pH 2, namun hasilnya belum memenuhi persyaratan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan variasi pH pada 2, 5 dan 8 serta dosis NaOCl yang ditambahkan sebesar 10, 20, 30, 40 dan 50 gram/jam dengan laju alir limbah cair yang diolah di unit pengolahan limbah cair tersebut sebesar 20 m3/jam. Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah kadar COD dan kadar klor bebas sebelum dan sesudah proses. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pH 5 dengan dosis NaOCl 40 dan 50 gram/jam, proses ini memberikan hasil terbaik karena dapat menurunkan kadar COD dari 1034 sampai 190 dan 130 ppm (efisiensi penurunan 82,5 dan 87 %) dengan kadar klor bebas 0,8 dan 1 ppm yang telah memenuhi nilai baku mutu sesuai peraturan pemerintah

Outstanding Photo-bioelectrochemical Cell by Integrating TiO2 and Chlorophyll as Photo-bioanode for Sustainable Energy Generation

Photosynthesis is a technique for converting light energy into chemical energy that is both efficient and sustainable. Chlorophyll in energy-transducing photosynthetic organisms is unique because of their distinctive structure and composition. In photo-bioelectrochemical research, the chlorophyll's quantum trapping efficiency is attractive. Chlorophyll from Spirulina platensis is demonstrated to communicate directly with TiO2-modified Indium Thin Oxide (ITO) to generate electricity without the use of any mediator. TiO2-modified ITO with a chlorophyll concentration of 100 % generated the greatest power density and photocurrent of approximately 178.15 mW/m2 and 596.92 mA/m2 from water oxidation under light among all the other materials. While the sensitivity with light was 0.885 mA/m2.lux, and Jmax value was 1085 mA/m2. Furthermore, the power and photocurrent density as a function of chlorophyll content are studied. The polarizability and Van der Waals interaction of TiO2 and chlorophyll are crucial in enhancing electron transport in photo-bioelectrochemical systems. As a result, this anode structure has the potential to be improved and used to generate even more energy