The study of nutrition and feeding position of shrimp, cultured in IRAN

The culture of Iranian Shrimps began in Bushehr in 1372. Early the green or the pink tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) which were found in most habitats of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea were considered in breeding and reproduction, but due to reproduction difficulties, it was rather replaced by the Monodun imported species, then the production of the white shrimp Metapenaeus affinis and Then P.merguensis in some southern areas of the country such as Hormozgan has began in small scale,but none of these species couldn't meet the economical needs of the consumer society and they were not indelible and dominant enough in the shrimp aquaculture industry of the country until breeding of Indian White Shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) has began in large scale in the provinces of Khuzestan and Bushehr, which are seen as the heart of shrimps reproduction and breeding, and in Hormozgan and Sistan. the incidence of white spot viral syndrome (White Spot Syndrom Virus) led to the import of the western white leg shrimp from the USA (P.vannameii) by the Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO) in 1383, at the present all southern and northern breeding farms of the country (fundamental measures has been carried out in line of shrimp reproduction in Gorgan province in 1386) has put the breeding of this shrimp species as the single breeding species at top of their agenda. The subject of feeding the breeding shrimps is widespread and regarding to the non-proprietary species there are still some species which contain high protein than the other species in studying the different shrimp species requirements. In Iran due to the scarce factories producing the shrimp's food, the alimentary compound of the breeding shrimps during industrializing years of this type of breeding even after the non-aboriginal western white leg shrimp species being inclusive was stable and through different biological processes including: Naplies which feeds from its yalk and by entry into zoa stage start eating only small-sized phytoplankton. And by entry into the stage between zoa and mysis it feeds from phyto and zooplankton simultaneously and entering the post-larva stage it stars sarcophagi. and after 15 post-larva stage entering the growth and transition stage to earthen ponds feeding by concentrated industrial foods in large and small packages depending on young and adult mouth and due to feeding requirements of every stage the alimentary compound is nearly as follows: Digestible protein, energy, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals will start and the final product will be released in market Or they will be used in the later years of laying eggs and feeding for brood stock. In feeding section the details of every stage and their food's nutritional needs at each stage and will be fully described

Aplikacja kwasu jasmonowego może złagodzić negatywny wpływ deficytu wody na plonowanie i parametry fizjologiczne bawełny (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Precise and appropriate management of farmland for a cotton crop to reach the highest water use efficiency with a low water supply and an acceptable yield is required in arid- and semiarid regions. This study in Iran aimed to find the most appropriate concentration of jasmonic acid (JA) and the best stage for application to cope with any negative impacts of water deficit stress. A split-plot factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was used in 2 consecutive years (2016–2017). Two irrigation intervals of 10 and 20 days were used, with four concentrations of JA (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg L−1 ) and applications at three crop stages (vegetative, reproductive, and vegetative and reproductive together). The final results showed that the 20-day interval significantly decreased relative water content, the quantity of cotton, cotton yield and its related traits including boll number per plant, the 1,000-seed weight, seed cotton yield, lint yield, and lint percentage. It also increased the content of proline and soluble sugars. The 50-mg L−1 concentration of JA applied at the vegetative-reproductive stages appropriately mitigated the negative effects of water deficit. These results are of practical application for farmers in arid- and semiarid regions with low water supply when irrigating cotton lands in order to reach an acceptable cotton yield.Odpowiednie prowadzenie uprawy bawełny, zapewniające optymalne plonowanie i wykorzystanie wody przez rośliny przy niskim nawadnianiu upraw, jest dużym wyzwaniem w strefach klimatów suchych i półsuchych. Celem badań było zbadanie wpływu różnych stężeń kwasu jasmonowego (JA) stosowanego w różnych fazach rozwoju roślin bawełny na zniwelowanie negatywnych skutków stresu suszy. Przeprowadzono czynnikowy eksperyment w układzie split-plot metodą losowych bloków w trzech powtórzeniach. Doświadczenie zlokalizowane było w prowincji Zarin-Dasht, Iran. Głównym czynnikiem eksperymentalnym były przerwy w nawadnianiu roślin (10- lub 20-dniowe), dodatkowo analizowano rożne stężenia JA (0, 25, 50 i 100 ppm) zastosowane w trzech stadiach rozwojowych bawełny (stadium wegetatywne, generatywne oraz wegetatywno/ generatywne). Wykazano, że 20-dniowe przerwy w nawadnianiu skutkowały istotnym obniżeniem względnej zawartości wody w roślinach, ilości wytworzonych torebek bawełny i redukowały wielkość plonu. Zanotowano spadek liczby torebek/roślina, masy 1000 nasion, liczby nasion, liczby włosków/torebka. Jednocześnie stwierdzono wzrost zawartości proliny i całkowitej puli cukrów rozpuszczalnych w roślinach. Stężenie 50 ppm JA zastosowane w fazie wegetatywno/ generatywnej najefektywniej obniżało negatywne skutki deficytu wody. Otrzymane wyniki mają znaczenie praktyczne i mogą być wykorzystane w suchych i pół-suchych rejonach upraw bawełny dla zwiększenia plonowania przy niskim poziomie nawadniania pól

A Study on Microbial Quality of Water Used in the Dentistry Units

Introduction & aim: With respect to the outbreak probability of dangerous infections among the patients, the water sources of dentistry units were taken into consideration, in view of microbial contamination. The objective of this study was to assess of pathogenic organisms of the water used in the dentistry units of Yasuj city. Methods: In this research 120 samples of water from poir and turbine of units (before and after flushing) and two samples of urban water were collected. Sampling was performed on the first weekday (48 hours after the units were switched off) and mid week(16 hours after the units were switched off) before starting work. The samples were cultured on EMB Agar and Blood Agar and incubated at 37oC for purification for Gram positive or Gram negative bacteria and it was identifying with biochemical diagnostic test .Also the samples were counted by standard plate count . Results: The average count of bacteria before flushing in Poir on the first weekday was 5360CFU/L and turbine was 2800 CFU/L and count of bacteria after flushing in Poir on the first weekday was 1040 CFU/L and turbine was 1020 CFU/L .While this result for midweek day : The average count of bacteria before flushing in Poir was 3220 CFU/L and turbine was 2720CFU/L and count of bacteria after flushing in Poir was 1772 CFU/L and turbine was 980 CFU/L . Several samples of before and after flushing were contaminated with E.coli, Pseudomonas ,Proteus, Kelebsiella ,gram positive bacilli ,Streptococci, Staphylococci , Diplo cocci and Yeast. Conclusion: According to the result of this study the contamination rate of the unit’s water was high and it’s rate reduced after flushing. The patients saliva causes water unit contamination and it constitutes biofilm in pipe of unit . Existence of E.coli shows the contamination of water to sewage and staphylococcus explains contamination due to return of the patient’s saliva into suctions. dental units waterlines showed bacterial contamination which was eliminated after flushing

Effects of Astragalus fasciculifolius gum on wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Introduction: Recently it has been shown that Astragalus fasciculifolius may be an effective remedy in the treatment of diabetes and wound healing. Current study was designed to examine the effects of topical administration of A. fasciculifolius (common name: sarcocolla) cream on treatment of wounds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: A circle deep wound having 15-mm diameter was created on the back of 32 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Thirty-two wounds were evaluated in four groups of animals (n = 8). The animals in first and second groups were treated using distilled water and petrolatum for 20 days, respectively. The third and fourth groups were treated using sarcocolla cream 5 and 10 for 20 days, respectively. The evaluation was performed in all groups on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 17 and 20. Results: The sarcocolla cream 5 and sarcocolla cream 10 exerted significant healing effects on diabetic rat wounds (P< 0.001) compared to the control groups under treatment of petrolatum or distilled water. The sarcocolla cream had favorable effects on the wound-healing ratio especially during long-term (14 days), with no difference at concentrations of sarcocolla 5 and 10. Conclusion: Sarcocolla (topical) therapy is possibly a useful approach for wound healing in diabetic rats. More investigations are needed to elucidate the possible protective mechanisms and safety. © 2020 Nickan Research Institute. All rights reserved