Variation of quercetin glycoside derivatives in three onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties

AbstractThe aim of this study was to quantify the contents of individual quercetin glycosides in red, yellow and chartreuse onion by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Acid hydrolysis of individual quercetin glycosides using 6M hydrochloric acid guided to identify and separate quercetin 7,4′-diglucoside, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 4′-glucoside, and quercetin. The contents of total quercetin glycosides varied extensively among three varieties (ranged from 16.10 to 103.93mg/g DW). Quercetin was the predominant compound that accounted mean 32.21mg/g DW in red onion (43.6% of the total) and 127.92mg/g DW in chartreuse onion (78.3% of the total) followed by quercetin 3-glucoside (28.83 and 24.16mg/g DW) respectively. Quercetin 3-glucoside levels were much higher in yellow onion (43.85mg/g DW) followed by quercetin 30.08mg/g DW. Quercetin 4′-glucoside documented the lowest amount that documented mean 2.4% of the total glycosides. The varied contents of glycosides present in the different onion varieties were significant

Relationship between Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, and Bone Mineral Density in Elderly Koreans

There is controversy regarding definition of vitamin D inadequacy. We analyzed threshold 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) below which intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) increases, and examined age- and sex-specific changes of 25(OH)D and iPTH, and association of 25(OH)D and iPTH with bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly Koreans. Anthropometric parameters, serum 25(OH)D and iPTH, lumbar spine and femur BMD by dual-energy radiography absorptiometry (DXA) were measured in 441 men and 598 postmenopausal women. iPTH increased below serum 25(OH) of 36.7 ng/mL in men, but failed to reach plateau in women. Femur neck BMD above and below threshold differed when threshold 25(OH)D concentrations were set at 15-27.5 ng/mL in men, and 12.5-20 ng/mL in postmenopausal women. Vitamin D-inadequate individuals older than 75 yr had higher iPTH than those aged ≤ 65 yr. In winter, age-associated iPTH increase in women was steeper than in summer. In conclusion, vitamin D inadequacy threshold cannot be estimated based on iPTH alone, and but other factors concerning bone health should also be considered. Older people seemingly need higher 25(OH)D levels to offset age-associated hyperparathyroidism. Elderly vitamin D-inadequate women in the winter are most vulnerable to age-associated hyperparathyroidism

Clinical Pattern of Preoperative Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) Can Predict the Aggressive Behavior of Resected Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas

Predicting the aggressiveness of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) remains an important goal. The present study aimed to identify perioperative factors that can predict patients who will develop clinically aggressive SPN. Records of individuals with pathologically confirmed SPN from 2006 to 2017 were obtained from the patient registry database of Yonsei University, Severance Hospital. For this study, aggressive behavior was defined as SPN that had recurred, metastasized, or involved adjacent organs. A total of 98 patients diagnosed with SPNs were analyzed retrospectively. Of these, 10 were reported to have SPNs with aggressive characteristics. We found that age (≥40 years; p = 0.039), symptomatic presentation (p = 0.001), tumor size (>10 cm; p < 0.001), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) classification (p < 0.001), and lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.003) were significantly correlated with aggressive behavior of SPNs. Multivariate analysis showed that PET/CT configuration (p = 0.002) (exp(β)111.353 (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.960–2081), age ≥40 years (p = 0.015) (exp(β) 23.242 (95% CI: 1.854–291.4)), and lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.021) (exp(β) 22.511 (95% CI: 1.595–317.6)) were the only independent factors associated with aggressive SPN. Our data suggest that age ≥40 years, PET/CT Type III configuration, and lymphovascular invasion are independent factors associated with aggressive SPN. This information can help clinicians develop individualized management and surveillance plans to manage patients more effectively

Enhanced bone formation by transforming growth factor-b1-releasing collagenchitosan microgranule

Collagen/chitosan composite microgranules were fabricated as bone substitutes for the purpose of obtaining high bone-forming efficacy. The microgranules have the flexibility to fill various types of defect sites with closer packing. The interconnected pores formed spaces between the microgranules, which allowed new bone ingrowth and vascularization. In addition, the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-1) was incorporated into the microgranules in order to improve bone-healing efficacy. The collagen/chitosan microgranules were fabricated by dropping a mixed solution into a NaOH/ethanol solution. TGF-1 was loaded into the collagen/chitosan microgranules by soaking the microgranules in a TGF-1 solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations and experiments examining the release of TGF-1 from chitosan and the collagen/chitosan microgranules were performed. SEM was used to examine the cell morphologies on the microgranules and cell proliferation was evaluated using a dimethylthiazole tetrazolium bromide assay. The differentiated cell function was assessed by measuring the alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity as well as detecting an osteocalcin assay. The in vivo bone-regeneration experiments were performed using a rabbit calvarial defect model. TGF-1 was released from the collagen/chitosan microgranules at a therapeutic concentration for 4 weeks. SEM indicated that the seeded osteoblastic cells were firmly attached to the microgranules and proliferated in a multilayer manner. The proliferation of the osteoblasts on the TGF-1-loaded microgranules was the highest among the different types of microgranules tested. The ALPase activity and osteocalcin level of all the samples increased during the culture period, and the TGF-1-loaded microgranules had a significantly higher ALPase activity and osteocalcin content than the other microgranules. The TGF-1-loaded microgranules demonstrated a higher bone-regenerative capacity in the rabbit calvarial defects after 4 weeks than the TGF-1-unloaded microgranules. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 200