Utility greedy discrete bit loading for interference limited multi-cell OFDM system

In this contribution we present the solution of the utility greedy discrete bit loading for interference limited multicell OFDM networks. Setting the utility as the sum of consumed power proportions, the algorithm follows greedy way to achieve the maximum throughput of the system. Simulation has shown that the proposed algorithm has better performance and lower complexity than the traditional optimal algorithm. The discussion of the results is provided

Research progress on the antitumor effects of harmine

Harmine is a naturally occurring β-carboline alkaloid originally isolated from Peganum harmala. As a major active component, harmine exhibits a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties, particularly remarkable antitumor effects. Recent mechanistic studies have shown that harmine can inhibit cancer cell proliferation and metastasis through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell cycle regulation, angiogenesis, and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. Furthermore, harmine reduces drug resistance when used in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. Despite its remarkable antitumor activity, the application of harmine is limited by its poor solubility and toxic side effects, particularly neurotoxicity. Novel harmine derivatives have demonstrated strong clinical application prospects, but further validation based on drug activity, acute toxicity, and other aspects is necessary. Here, we present a review of recent research on the action mechanism of harmine in cancer treatment and the development of its derivatives, providing new insights into its potential clinical applications and strategies for mitigating its toxicity while enhancing its efficacy

Validation of Sentinel-2, MODIS, CGLS, SAF, GLASS and C3S leaf area index products in maize crops

Altres ajuts: this research was funded by the Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLOPS-1, 199494-JRC).We proposed a direct approach to validate hectometric and kilometric resolution leaf area index (LAI) products that involved the scaling up of field-measured LAI via the validation and recalibration of the decametric Sentinel-2 LAI product. We applied it over a test study area of maize crops in northern China using continuous field measurements of LAINet along the year 2019. Sentinel-2 LAI showed an overall accuracy of 0.67 in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and it was used, after recalibration, as a benchmark to validate six coarse resolution LAI products: MODIS, Copernicus Global Land Service 1 km Version 2 (called GEOV2) and 300 m (GEOV3), Satellite Application Facility EUMETSAT Polar System (SAF EPS) 1.1 km, Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) 500 m and Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) 1 km V2. GEOV2, GEOV3 and MODIS showed a good agreement with reference LAI in terms of magnitude (RMSE ≤ 0.29) and phenology. SAF EPS (RMSE = 0.68) and C3S V2 (RMSE = 0.41), on the opposite, systematically underestimated high LAI values and showed systematic differences for phenological metrics: a delay of 6 days (d), 20 d and 24 d for the start, peak and the end of growing season, respectively, for SAF EPS and an advance of −4 d, −6 d and −6 d for C3S

Multi-Stage Expansion Planning for Decarbonizing Thermal Generation Supported Renewable Power Systems Using Hydrogen and Ammonia Storage

Large-scale centralized development of wind and solar energy and peer-to-grid transmission of renewable energy source (RES) via high voltage direct current (HVDC) has been regarded as one of the most promising ways to achieve goals of peak carbon and carbon neutrality in China. Traditionally, large-scale thermal generation is needed to economically support the load demand of HVDC with a given profile, which in turn raises concerns about carbon emissions. To address the issues above, hydrogen energy storage system (HESS) and ammonia energy storage system (AESS) are introduced to gradually replace thermal generation, which is represented as a multi-stage expansion planning (MSEP) problem. Specifically, first, HESS and AESS are established in the MSEP model with carbon emission reduction constraints, and yearly data with hourly time resolution are utilized for each stage to well describe the intermittence of RES. Then, a combined Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition (DWD) and column generation (CG) solution approach is proposed to efficiently solve the large-scale MSEP model. Finally, a real-life system in China is studied. The results indicate that HESS and AESS have the potential to handle the intermittence of RES, as well as the monthly imbalance between RES and load demand. Especially under the goal of carbon neutrality, the contribution of HESS and AESS in reducing levelized cost of energy (LCOE) reaches 12.28% and 14.59%, respectively, which finally leads to a LCOE of 0.4324 RMB/kWh.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

Optimal Sizing and Pricing of Renewable Power to Ammonia Systems Considering the Limited Flexibility of Ammonia Synthesis

Converting renewable energy into ammonia has been recognized as a promising way to realize ``green hydrogen substitution" in the chemical industry. However, renewable power to ammonia (RePtA) requires an essential investment in facilities to provide a buffer against the strong volatility of renewable energy and the limited flexibility of ammonia synthesis, which involves the three main stakeholders, namely, power, hydrogen, and ammonia. Therefore, the sizing and pricing of RePtA play a core role in balancing the interest demands of investors. This paper proposes an optimal sizing and pricing method for RePtA system planning. First, power to ammonia (P2A) is modeled as a flexible load, especially considering the limited flexibility of ammonia synthesis, which has been verified using real dynamic regulation data. Second, the multi-investor economic (MIE) model is established considering both external and internal trading modes. Then, a two-stage decomposed sizing and pricing method is proposed to solve the problem caused by the strong coupling of planning, operation, and trading, and information gap decision theory (IGDT) method is utilized to handle the uncertainty of renewable generation. Finally, real data from a real-life system in Inner Mongolia are utilized to verify the proposed approach. The results show that the system proposed has a yield of 8.15%.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of PSMA-Targeted Glycol Chitosan Micelles for Prostate Cancer Therapy

Prostate cancer-binding peptides- (PCP-) modified polymeric micelles were prepared and used for the treatment of prostate-specific membrane antigen- (PSMA-) expressing prostate cancer in a target-specific manner. Cholesterol-modified glycol chitosan (CHGC) was synthesized. PCP-conjugated CHGC (PCP-CHGC) micelles were fabricated and characterized. The degree of substitution was 5.2 PCP groups and 5.8 cholesterol groups per 100 sugar residues of glycol chitosan. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of PCP-CHGC copolymer was 0.0254 mg/mL. Doxorubicin (DOX) was chosen as a model antitumor drug. The DOX-loaded micelles were prepared by an o/w method. The mean diameter of DOX-loaded PCP-CHGC (DOX-PCP-CHGC) micelles was 293 nm determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). DOX released from drug-loaded micelles was in a biphasic manner. DOX-PCP-CHGC micelles exhibited higher cytotoxicity in vitro against PSMA-expressing LNCaP cells than DOX-loaded CHGC (DOX-CHGC) micelles. Moreover, the cellular uptake of DOX-PCP-CHGC micelles determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry was higher than that of DOX-CHGC micelles in LNCaP cells. Importantly, DOX-PCP-CHGC micelles demonstrated stronger antitumor efficacy against LNCaP tumor xenograft models than doxorubicin hydrochloride and DOX-CHGC micelles. Taken together, this study provides a potential way in developing PSMA-targeted drug delivery system for prostate cancer therapy