Cloud-Magnetic Resonance Imaging System: In the Era of 6G and Artificial Intelligence

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an important role in medical diagnosis, generating petabytes of image data annually in large hospitals. This voluminous data stream requires a significant amount of network bandwidth and extensive storage infrastructure. Additionally, local data processing demands substantial manpower and hardware investments. Data isolation across different healthcare institutions hinders cross-institutional collaboration in clinics and research. In this work, we anticipate an innovative MRI system and its four generations that integrate emerging distributed cloud computing, 6G bandwidth, edge computing, federated learning, and blockchain technology. This system is called Cloud-MRI, aiming at solving the problems of MRI data storage security, transmission speed, AI algorithm maintenance, hardware upgrading, and collaborative work. The workflow commences with the transformation of k-space raw data into the standardized Imaging Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Raw Data (ISMRMRD) format. Then, the data are uploaded to the cloud or edge nodes for fast image reconstruction, neural network training, and automatic analysis. Then, the outcomes are seamlessly transmitted to clinics or research institutes for diagnosis and other services. The Cloud-MRI system will save the raw imaging data, reduce the risk of data loss, facilitate inter-institutional medical collaboration, and finally improve diagnostic accuracy and work efficiency.Comment: 4pages, 5figures, letter

Co-incorporation of hydrotalcite and starch into biochar-based fertilizers for the synthesis of slow-release fertilizers with improved water retention

Abstract The unsatisfactory nutrient slow-release and water-retention performance of traditional biochar-based compound fertilizers (BCF) severely limit their practical application. Herein, a new type of slow-release fertilizer with high water retention was fabricated via the incorporation of hydrotalcite and starch into BCF, named as HS-BCF. The water-retention and nutrient releasing performance of the prepared HS-BCF and related nutrient slow-release mechanism were investigated. The results showed that the incorporation of hydrotalcite and starch into BCF could increase the soil water-retention ratio by 5–10% points. The accumulated N, P, and K leaching amounts of HS-BCF in soil within 30 days  were 49.4%, 13.3%, and 87.4% of BCF at most, respectively. Kinetic analysis indicated that the release of nutrients from HS-BCF was attributed to the coupling of the diffusion-controlled and relaxation-controlled mechanism. Moreover, hydrotalcite could bind with P in HS-BCF, contributing to the enhanced durability of P in HS-BCF. Finally, pot experiments showed that the N–P–K utilization efficiencies of HS-BCF were all higher than those of BCF due to a better synchronization between the nutrient release of HS-BCF and the uptake of tomato plants. Overall, the study may provide a promising strategy for simultaneously improving the water-retention and slow-release performance of traditional biochar-based fertilizers. Graphical Abstrac

Effects of conversion from a natural evergreen broadleaf forest to a Moso bamboo plantation on the soil nutrient pools, microbial biomass and enzyme activities in a subtropical area

Converting natural forests to plantations would markedly change soil physiochemical and biological properties, as a consequence of changing plant vegetative coverage and management practices. However, the effects of such land-use change on the soil nutrient pools and related enzymes activities still remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of conversion from natural evergreen broadleaf forests to Moso bamboo plantations on the pool sizes and forms of soil N, P and K, microbial biomass, and nutrient cycling related enzyme activities. Soil samples from four adjacent evergreen broadleaf forest-Moso bamboo plantation pairs were collected from a subtropical region in Zhejiang Province, China. The soil organic C (SOC), total N (TN), total P (TP) and total K (TK) concentrations and stocks and different N, P and K forms were measured, and the microbial biomass C (MBC), microbial biomass N (MBN), microbial biomass P (MBP) and four soil enzymes (protease, urease, acid phosphatase and catalase) were determined. The results showed that converting broadleaf forests to Moso bamboo plantations decreased the concentration and stock of SOC but increased those of TK in both soil layers (0-20 and 20-40 cm), and such land-use change increased the concentration and stock of TN and TP only in the 0-20 cm soil layer (P <0.05). This land-use conversion increased the concentrations of NH4+-N, NO3- N, resin-Pi, NaHCO3-P-1, NaOH-P-i, HCl-P-i, available K and slowly available K, but decreased the concentrations of water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON), NaHCO3-P-o and NaOH-P-o (P <0.05). Further, this land-use change decreased the microbial biomass and activities of protease, urease, acid phosphatase and catalase (P <0.05). In addition, the acid phosphatase activity correlated positively with the concentrations of MBP and NaHCO3-P-o, and the activities of urease and protease correlated positively with the concentrations of MBN and WSON (P <0.01). To conclude, converting natural broadleaf forests to Moso bamboo plantations had positive effects on soil inorganic N, P and K pools, and negative effects on soil organic N and P pools, and on N- and P-cycling related enzyme activities. Therefore, management practices that increase organic nutrient pools and microbial activity are needed to be developed to mitigate the depletion of organic nutrient pools after the land-use conversion.Peer reviewe

Analysis and Evaluation of 7 Indictor Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Residues in Dried Kelp by Gas Chromatography (GC)

In this study, a special method was developed for the determination of 7 kinds of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) residues in dried kelp by gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detector (ECD). The PCBs were extracted with hexane/dichloromethane (1/1, v/v) by ultrasonic extraction. Clean-up methods were used by concentrated sulphuric acid, neutral alumina oxide solid phase extraction cartridge and silica solid phase extraction cartridge. The analytical compounds were quantified by an internal standard method. Under optimal experimental conditions, good linearity was observed in the range of 5~200ng/mL, and the correlation coefficients were 0.9993~0.9998. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for target analytical compounds ranged from 6.0 to 7.5μg/kg. At the spiked levels of 10，20，50 μg/kg，the average recoveries ranged from 81.8% to 105% with the relative standard deviations 3.05%～11.2%. The result showed that the proposed method was accurate and could be used for the determination of the PCBs in dried kelp

Determination of total free amino acids in Sipunculus nudus by UV spectrophotometry

Here we developed a new, facile method to detect free amino acids (TFAA) in Sipunculus nudus by UV spectrophotometry. The pretreatment conditions of the approach were optimized, such as chromogenic reaction temperature and time, the measurement time after chromogenic reaction, the extraction agent and its concentration, the extraction time. The established method showed a good linearity in the TFAA range 0.0 ~ 40.0 cg/mL (R2= 0.9958) with the limit of detection (LOD) 1.96 g /mL and the precision of 6.14 % (relative standard deviation, RSD). The addition standard recoveries were 95.1 % ~108.6 %. Finally, the method was successfully applied in detection of TFAA in Sipunculus nudus and other aquatic products. The results showed that the content of TFAA in Sipunculus nudus was higher than that in the other aquatic products collected in our paper, and as high as 138.14 g/kg

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of the ornamental plant Osmanthus cooperi

Osmanthus cooperi is an evergreen ornamental plant belonging to the olive family. In this study, its complete chloroplast genome was assembled from the whole genome Illumina sequencing data. The circular genome is 155,262 bp long, and comprises a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs, 25,685 bp each), a large single-copy region (LSC, 86,525 bp), and a small single-copy region (SSC, 17,367 bp). It encodes 132 genes, including 8 rRNA genes, 36 tRNAs genes, and 88 protein-coding genes. The GC content of O. cooperi cp genome is 37.8%. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that O. cooperi is close to O. fragrans in Oleaceae