On statistical interpretations of the semilogarithmic loss function, Mimeo

Abstract This paper corrects and remarks on statistical interpretations of the semilogarithmic loss function introduced for solving positive inverse problems. In this paper, we modify the original statistical model such that the minimization of the semilogarithmic loss function matches the maximum likelihood method. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the induced error distributions from the semilogarithmic loss function are novel. Another correction to the original paper regarding variable transformation is also included

Survey of standardisation in Tsuruoka, Japan : Comparison of results from three surveys conducted at 20-year intervals

国立国語研究所The National Language Research Institute国立国語研究所では昭和25年度と昭和46年の2度にわたって文部省科学研究費の交付を受け,山形県鶴岡市において地域社会に於ける言語生活の実態調査を実施した。それにより,戦後四半世紀の急激な社会変化の中で方言が共通語化していく過程について,その実態や社会的な要因を明らかにした。本研究は,これらの成果を受け継ぎ,鶴岡市において約20年間隔の第3次調査を実施するとともに,言語変化を将来に向けて経年的に調査記述していくための基礎構築を目的として行われた。また,本報告は平成3年度および4年度の文部省科学研究費補助金(総合研究(A)),研究課題名「地域社会の言語生活－鶴岡市における戦後の変化-」(課題番号03301060)(研究代表者 江川清)の交付を受けて行った調査研究のうち,音声,アクセントの共通語化について一部をまとめたものであり,平成5年8月,カナダのビクトリア大学で行われたMethods Ⅷ (方言研究の方法論に関する国際会議)で口頭発表した内容に加筆訂正したものである。This paper presents some preliminary results on the changes in the Tsuruoka dialect in the post-war years. The National Language Research Institute conducted three surveys on linguistic changes in Tsuruoka in 1950, 1971 and 1991. This paper makes the following points. (1)The third survey, conducted in 1991 after a 20-year interval, made it possible to investigate linguistic change over a period of forty years. (2)Standardisation of segmental phonemes is progressing rapidly and word accent more gradually in Tsuruoka. (3)The results of the three surveys support a model of language change in society proposed by Nomoto and Egawa in 1974

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17の書名 : 国立国語研究所研究報告

The binding specificity of Translocated in LipoSarcoma/FUsed in Sarcoma with lncRNA transcribed from the promoter region of cyclin D1

Background: Translocated in LipoSarcoma (TLS, also known as FUsed in Sarcoma) is an RNA/DNA binding protein whose mutation cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In previous study, we demonstrated that TLS binds to long noncoding RNA, promoter-associated ncRNA-D (pncRNA-D), transcribed from the 5' upstream region of cyclin D1 (CCND1), and inhibits the expression of CCND1. Results: In order to elucidate the binding specificity between TLS and pncRNA-D, we divided pncRNA-D into seven fragments and examined the binding with full-length TLS, TLS-RGG2-zinc finger-RGG3, and TLS-RGG3 by RNA pull down assay. As a result, TLS was able to bind to all the seven fragments, but the fragments containing reported recognition motifs (GGUG and GGU) tend to bind more solidly. The full-length TLS and TLS-RGG2-zinc finger-RGG3 showed a similar interaction with pncRNA-D, but the binding specificity of TLS-RGG3 was lower compared to the full-length TLS and TLS-RGG2-zinc finger-RGG3. Mutation in GGUG and GGU motifs dramatically decreased the binding, and unexpectedly, we could only detect weak interaction with the RNA sequence with stem loop structure. Conclusion: The binding of TLS and pncRNA-D was affected by the presence of GGUG and GGU sequences, and the C terminal domains of TLS function in the interaction with pncRNA-D

Activator protein-1 responsive to the group II metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype in association with intracellular calcium in cultured rat cortical neurons

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科分子作用学Activation of ionotropic glutamate (Glu) receptors, such as N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, is shown to modulate the gene transcription mediated by the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP1) composed of Fos and Jun family proteins in the brain, while little attention has been paid to the modulation of AP1 expression by metabotropic Glu receptors (mGluRs). In cultured rat cortical neurons, where constitutive expression was seen with all groups I, II and III mGluR subtypes, a significant and selective increase was seen in the DNA binding activity of AP1 120 min after the brief exposure to the group II mGluR agonist (2S,2′R,3′R)-2-(2′,3′-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine (DCG-IV) for 5 min. In cultured rat cortical astrocytes, by contrast, a significant increase was induced by a group I mGluR agonist, but not by either a group II or III mGluR agonist. The increase by DCG-IV was significantly prevented by a group II mGluR antagonist as well as by either an intracellular Ca2+ chelator or a voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel blocker, but not by an intracellular Ca2+ store inhibitor. Moreover, DCG-IV significantly prevented the increase of cAMP formation by forskolin in cultured neurons. Western blot analysis revealed differential expression profiles of Fos family members in neurons briefly exposed to DCG-IV and NMDA. Prior or simultaneous exposure to DCG-IV led to significant protection against neuronal cell death by NMDA. These results suggest that activation of the group II mGluR subtype would modulate the gene expression mediated by AP1 through increased intracellular Ca2+ levels in cultured rat cortical neurons. © 2007

Penetration of the sigmoid colon to the posterior uterine wall secondary to diverticulitis: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Penetration of the colon to the posterior uterine wall secondary to diverticulitis is unusual, with diagnostic methods not yet established. Non-invasive imaging, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging may help to establish a proper diagnosis, but confirmation may be reached only after surgical exploration.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report the case of a 78-year-old Japanese woman who presented with a low grade fever and mild diarrhea which occurred two or three times a week. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a capsular lesion including an air structure with a diameter of 5 cm, between the posterior aspect of the uterine body and the sigmoid colon. A gastrograffin enema and colonoscopy demonstrated a giant diverticulum of the sigmoid colon with no evidence of malignancy. These data confirmed the diagnosis of diverticulitis complicated by a giant diverticulum. Because of a relapsing fever after therapy with antibiotics, the patient had en bloc surgical treatment of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and sigmoid colon, the organs involved in the diverticulitis, followed by an uneventful recovery.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This is a rare case report of penetration of the sigmoid colon to the posterior uterine wall secondary to diverticulitis.</p