A Clinical Investigation of the Mechanism of Loxoprofen, a Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug, for Patients with Nocturia

We previously reported the effectiveness of loxoprofen sodium (loxoprofen), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) complaining of nocturia. In this study, we explored the mechanism of loxoprofen in the treatment of nocturia. Fifty-six patients complaining of nocturia were enrolled. They took a single 60-mg tablet of loxoprofen at bedtime for 14 days. The effects of this treatment were assessed by bladder diaries. Nocturia improved (nocturia decreased &#8805;1 void/night) in 40 patients (71.4%). Nocturnal urine volume was reduced in 31 of 40 (77.5%) without nocturnal single-void volume increase. Nocturnal single-void volume increased in 4 of 40 (10.0%) without nocturnal urine volume reduction. Two of 40 (5.0%) demonstrated both nocturnal urine volume reduction and nocturnal single-void volume increase. Three (7.5%) were exceptions to the above. In conclusion, the main mechanism of loxoprofen is the reduction of nocturnal urine volume for the treatment of nocturia and the second mechanism is the increased bladder capacity.</p

Pyogenic Liver Abscess: a Study of 18 Patients

Eighteen patients with pyogenic liver abscess were treated at Hiroshima University Hospital, First Department of Surgery and Hiroshima Memorial Hospital between 1979 and August 1984. The most frequent cause of the disease was infection of the biliary tract, accounting for 44%. The most useful diagnostic methods were echography and CT. The use of these, two techniques enabled us to establish diagnosis in almost all the patients. Sufficient drainage of the biliary tract was important in cases of hepatic abscess via the biliary tract. In other causes of hepatic abscess, drainage under echographic guidance was useful in treatment for solitary liver abscess. In cases of multiple liver abscess, it was also considered necessary to puncture the abscess under echographic guidance, to detect the causative organisms, and to use effective antibiotics against that organisms

Industrial guideline for injection moulding : case of jaundice meter

In designing industries, a lot of measures need to be taken before coming to the final design phase. During the initial stage of designing a product, designers usually will design according to their sketching without considering guidelines for mass production manufacturing. This will consume soo much time on re-designing for to suit manufacturing requirement. There-fore this paper purpose to consider industrial guideline specifically on designing product directly for injection moulding. The most basic requirement on design for direct manufacturing that designers need to consider while designing are wall thick-ness, rib, boss and cored holes, suggested design for corners and materials selection. The guideline was applied to a jaun-dice meter prototype design as a case study

クラドスポリウム属菌によるブドウの褐点病について

Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresenius) de Vries and Cladosporium herbarum (Pers. ) Link ex Fr. were isolated from grape berries that had been commonly called 'black navel', and were found to cause the disease. In view of the colour of lesions that were observed most frequently at the stage of maturing, the disease was named brown spot of grapes

Crucial roles of RSK in cell motility by catalysing serine phosphorylation of EphA2

Crosstalk between inflammatory signalling pathways and receptor tyrosine kinases has been revealed as an indicator of cancer malignant progression. In the present study, we focus on EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase, which is overexpressed in many human cancers. It has been reported that ligand-independent phosphorylation of EphA2 at Ser-897 is induced by Akt. We show that inflammatory cytokines promote RSK-, not Akt-, dependent phosphorylation of EphA2 at Ser-897. In addition, the RSK-EphA2 signalling pathway controls cell migration and invasion of metastatic breast cancer cells. Moreover, Ser-897-phosphorylated EphA2 co-localizes with phosphorylated active form of RSK in various human tumour specimens, and this double positivity is related to poor survival in lung cancer patients, especially those with a smoking history. Taken together, these results indicate that the phosphorylation of EphA2 at Ser-897 is controlled by RSK and the RSK-EphA2 axis might contribute to cell motility and promote tumour malignant progression

Increased oxidative stress precedes the onset of high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity

金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系Insulin resistance is a key pathophysiological feature of metabolic syndrome. However, the initial events triggering the development of insulin resistance and its causal relations with dysregulation of glucose and fatty acids metabolism remain unclear. We investigated biological pathways that have the potential to induce insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). We demonstrate that the pathways for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress are coordinately up-regulated in both the liver and adipose tissue of mice fed an HFD before the onset of insulin resistance through discrete mechanism. In the liver, an HFD up-regulated genes involved in sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c-related fatty acid synthesis and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α-related fatty acid oxidation. In the adipose tissue, however, the HFD down-regulated genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and up-regulated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex. Furthermore, increased ROS production preceded the elevation of tumor necrosis factor-α and free fatty acids in the plasma and liver. The ROS may be an initial key event triggering HFD-induced insulin resistance. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved