Statistical Modeling of Spaceborne Scatterometer Measurements

Satellite scatterometers have gained in popularity recentJy due to expanded application of their data. New instruments are being developed which oversample the surface to improve the resolution of data, furthering application development. Such oversampling introduces the possibility of correlation between measurements, an issue which has previously been irrelevant due to the lower sampling rates of past instruments. This paper derives a mathematical expression for correlation between consecutive scatterometer measurements. Since measurement correlation is dependent upon instrument configuration, a general methodology is presented so that the algorithm can be adapted to specific instruments. An analysis of the expressions is provided. An adaptation of correlation effects on NASA\u27s most recent scatterometer, Sea Winds, is provided

Increased Utility of Sea Winds Through Enhanced Calibration

Accurately measuring winds over the surface of the ocean is necessary for improving understanding of the global climate. Sea Winds, a satellite scatterometer, is designed for this purpose. Since its launch it has provided accurate and frequent estimates of near-ocean winds. Due to its success, desires to increase the utility of the data have emerged. These desires, though possible, require performance beyond designed specifications. Additional calibration of the instrument is able to improve instrument performance, allowing development of these emerging applications. Applications include high resolution wind measurement, enhanced resolution imaging, monitoring rain forest destruction, and tracking icebergs and polar ice formation. Improved calibration not only benefits current instruments, but will aid future instruments as well

Bagaimana Menjadi Sukses Dalam Setiap Tahun

23 cm; 214 ha

Durable reduction of Clostridioides difficile infection recurrence and microbiome restoration after treatment with RBX2660: results from an open-label phase 2 clinical trial

Background Effective treatment options for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) are limited, with high recurrence rates associated with the current standard of care. Herein we report results from an open-label Phase 2 trial to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and durability of RBX2660—a standardized microbiota-based investigational live biotherapeutic—and a closely-matched historical control cohort. Methods This prospective, multicenter, open-label Phase 2 study enrolled patients who had experienced either ≥ 2 recurrences of CDI, treated by standard-of-care antibiotic therapy, after a primary CDI episode, or ≥ 2 episodes of severe CDI requiring hospitalization. Participants received up to 2 doses of RBX2660 rectally administered with doses 7 days apart. Treatment success was defined as the absence of CDI diarrhea without the need for retreatment for 8 weeks after completing study treatment. A historical control group with matched inclusion and exclusion criteria was identified from a retrospective chart review of participants treated with standard-of-care antibiotics for recurrent CDI who matched key criteria for the study. The primary objective was to compare treatment success of RBX2660 to the historical control group. A key secondary outcome was the safety profile of RBX2660, including adverse events and CDI occurrence through 24 months after treatment. In addition, fecal samples from RBX2660-treated participants were sequenced to evaluate microbiome composition and functional changes from before to after treatment. Results In this Phase 2 open-label clinical trial, RBX2660 demonstrated a 78.9% (112/142) treatment success rate compared to a 30.7% (23/75) for the historical control group (p < 0.0001; Chi-square test). Post-hoc analysis indicated that 91% (88/97) of evaluable RBX2660 responders remained CDI occurrence-free to 24 months after treatment demonstrating durability. RBX2660 was well-tolerated with mostly mild to moderate adverse events. The composition and diversity of RBX2660 responders’ fecal microbiome significantly changed from before to after treatment to become more similar to RBX2660, and these changes were durable to 24 months after treatment. Conclusions In this Phase 2 trial, RBX2660 was safe and effective for reducing rCDI recurrence as compared to a historical control group. Microbiome changes are consistent with restorative changes implicated in resisting C. difficile recurrence. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02589847 (10/28/2015)Medicine, Faculty ofNon UBCPathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department ofReviewedFacultyResearche