Current Status Of Direct Pulp-Capping Materials For Permanent Teeth

Direct pulp-capping is a method for treating exposed vital pulp with dental material to facilitate the formation of reparative dentin and to maintain vital pulp. Two types of pulp-capping materials, calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate, have been most commonly used in clinics, and an adhesive resin has been considered a promising capping material. However, until now, there has been no comprehensive review of these materials. Therefore, in this paper, the composition, working mechanisms and clinical outcome of these types of pulp-capping materials are reviewed

Comprehensive Review Of Current Endodontic Sealers

Endodontic sealers for non-surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) span many compositions and attributes. This comprehensive review discusses current types of endodontic sealers by their setting reaction type, composition, and properties: zinc oxide-eugenol, salicylate, fatty acid, glass ionomer, silicone, epoxy resin, tricalcium silicate, and methacrylate resin sealers. Setting time, solubility, sealing ability, antimicrobial, biocompatibility, and cytotoxicity are all aspects key to the performance of endodontic sealers. Because sealing ability is so important to successful outcomes, the relative degree of microleakage among all the relevant sealers was calculated by way of a meta-analysis of relevant literature. Compared to AH Plus, tricalcium silicate sealers show the lowest relative microleakage among the sealers assessed, followed by silicone sealers and other non-AH Plus epoxy resin sealers. Tricalcium silicate sealers also exhibit the most favorable antimicrobial effect and excellent biocompatibility. Future sealers developed should ideally combine a hermetic seal with therapeutic effects

Skeletal Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Photon Deficiency on Bone Scintigraphy

Bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-labeled phosphorous compound is an excellent technique for the detection of bone metastasis. Bone metastases are usually visualized as multiple hot spots on bone scintigraphy. However, photon deficiency in the metastatic lesion on bone scintigrams is reported in few cases with malignancy. In this study, we have evaluated the photopenic bone metastasis from renal cell carcinoma by the radiographic and computed tomographic examinations. Photon deficient metastatic lesions were seen on bone scintigraphy in 5 patients with renal cell carcinoma. All of the photon deficient lesions were osteolytic on bone radiography and computed tomography. The pure photon deficient lesions not associated with surrounding hot margins were seen on the thoracic vertebrae and rib and the ones with surrounding hot margins were seen on the sternum, pelvis and femur. This difference may be due to the differences in the growth rate of the tumor and reactive hyperemia and new bone formation in the metastatic lesions

Review of methyl methacrylate (MMA)/tributylborane (TBB)-initiated resin adhesive to dentin

This review, focusing mainly on research related to methyl methacrylate/tributylborane (MMA/TBB) resin, presents the early history of dentin bonding and MMA/TBB adhesive resin, followed by characteristics of resin bonding to dentin. Bond strengths of MMA/TBB adhesive resin to different adherends were discussed and compared with other bonding systems. Factors affecting bond strength (such as conditioners, primers, and medicaments used for dental treatment), bonding mechanism, and polymerization characteristics of MMA/TBB resin were also discussed. This review further reveals the unique adhesion features between MMA/TBB resin and dentin: in addition to monomer diffusion into the demineralized dentin surface, graft polymerization of MMA onto dentin collagen and interfacial initiation of polymerization at the resin-dentin interface provide the key bonding mechanisms

Dentin permeability reduction by a sequential application of calcium and fluoride–phosphate solutions

OBJECTIVE: A sequential topical application of calcium and fluoride-phosphate solutions was reported to occlude open dentin tubules, mainly with fluoroapatite precipitates by a rapid ionic reaction, and to be effective at treating dentin hypersensitivity. However, its ability to reduce dentin permeability (Lp) is unknown. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of this treatment on Lp. METHODS: Nine extracted human third molars were sectioned transversely to obtain 0.5mm-thick discs, which were then etched and rinsed. Aqueous solutions of 5% (w/w) disodium phosphate containing 0.3% (w/w) sodium fluoride (A) and 10% (w/w) calcium chloride (B) were prepared. The sequential application of the A&B solutions was repeated three times on each disc, which was then rinsed with distilled water. The Lp of the discs was measured before and after the application using a modified Pashley’s fluid flow measuring system. The differences in the Lp values between the conditions before and after the solution applications were analyzed using a generalized estimating equation method and paired t-test. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the dentin surfaces. RESULTS: All nine discs consistently indicated reduced Lp following the application of the A&B solutions. There was a significant decrease in the mean Lp [µL/(cm(2)·sec·cmH(2)O)] from baseline (−0.27±0.25, p=0.011). Overall, an average decrease of 34% Lp occurred after the application of the A&B solutions. SEM observation indicated that the reaction products covered the entire dentin disc surface. CONCLUSION: The application of the A&B solutions was effective at reducing the Lp of the dentin discs