Screening of some medicinal Plants for Antimicrobial Properties - Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies of a Selected Medicinal Plant

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Detection of Protein by Microdrop Analysis

Analysis of protein depends particularly on protein concentration. Protein concentration measurement is the most important part in the research work to conduct protein-related studies. Although there are many methods available for this purpose, each method has certain limitations. The aim of the experiment is to develop either new or modified analytical method for the analysis and detection of protein using newly introduced micro-plate reader equipped with Take-3 microplate with the help of Gen-5 software. An ideal assay should be simple and easy to carry out. Another aspect to be taken into consideration are low inference, stability of measured components and low protein to protein variation. This research work involves to measure protein concentration using various assays such as, absorbance at 280 nm, Bradford assay and BCA assay. Bradford and BCA assays are the most popular tools to quantify the protein sample. Bradford assay involves the measurement of absorbance at 595 nm. BCA assay involves measurement of absorbance at 562 nm. BSA was used as protein standard because it is highly pure and inexpensive. The overall strategy is to develop a robust assay that uses the least amount of sample and test reagents . Successful completion of this work will aid protein researchers in quick identication and analysis of proteins

Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded aluminum alloy Al 6061-T651

Since the beginning of the 21st century and rapid developments in various industries, the demand for strong, light weight, and robust materials that can be used in extreme environments has increased. The use of such materials has been significant in the transportation sector, where reduction in fuel consumption and emission of harmful gases are required. Aluminum is one of the most suitable metals that can be alloyed with different elements to obtain desired properties. However, joining of aluminum using conventional welding processes for special applications in aerospace, shipbuilding, and automobile industries has been a challenge. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a widely used method to weld aluminum since its invention because it overcomes most of the challenges related to aluminum welding. The objective of this research was to analyze the role of preheating and post-cooling applied before and after FSW on the microstructure and some mechanical properties of Aluminum alloy Al6061-T651. Various characterization techniques such as optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscattered diffraction have been used to examine the weldment of Al 6061- T651 plates. Analysis of different weld zones formed after the process such as nugget zone (NZ), thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ), heat affected zone (HAZ) along with the parent metal or base metal (PM or BM) showed equiaxed and recrystallized grains in NZ, deformed and partially recrystallized grains in TMAZ and overaged grains in HAZ. 10% decrease and a 3% increase in the average hardness of NZ was seen in preheated and post-cooled samples, respectively. Hardness was lowest in the HAZ, a bit higher in TMAZ and NZ and highest in PM. Moreover, it was concluded that hardness is not dependent on the grain size to a large extent. SEM of the fractured samples revealed that the mode of failure is ductile and took place in the HAZ. The tensile test results showed only less than 5% and 1% change in tensile strength and percent of elongation of the welded samples, respectively. Overall, it was found that the peak temperature and the duration of the heat cycle have a higher impact on the microstructure and mechanical properties compared to the plastic deformation

A Comparison of Outdoor Bioaerosol and Particulate Measurements in Las Vegas

The urbanization of the Las Vegas Valley has turned the desert into a green oasis by introducing many non-native plant species, some of which are allergenic. Outdoor bioaerosols consist of microorganisms, pollen, spores, and other agents that could cause infections or affect the health of humans. Studies have suggested that exposure to bioaerosols through inhalation can lead to various human health risks. Typically, one monitoring station is established per city to obtain pollen and mold counts for an entire metropolitan area, and the site may not be representative of community exposures. The objective of this study was to measure and compare pollen, mold, bacterial DNA, fungal DNA, and particulate matter concentrations at five locations in Las Vegas to determine if there are differences between microenvironments within the city. Air samples were collected from five sites across the Las Vegas Valley over a one-year period. Samples were collected in 2015, and analyzed for six air quality parameters: pollen counts, mold spore counts, total bacterial and fungal DNA concentrations, and fine and coarse particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). A mixed-model analysis was used to examine potential differences. A non-parametric Kendall’s tau correlation was used to examine potential associations between mold spore microscopy counts and total fungal DNA. There were several differences among sites with respect to concentrations of individual tree pollen species. Differences were also observed between the sites for total weed and grass concentrations. Smuts (basidiomycetes) were the dominant spores for all five sites during the spring season. Cladosporium was the second dominant spore with the highest concentrations occurring during the summer and fall months. Overall bacterial DNA concentrations were the highest bioaerosol measurements, with the highest concentrations observed during the winter. The variability among the sites could be due to the differences in geography and landscaping practices near the sampling sites. The results provide bioaerosol measurements for one year in Las Vegas, which may lead to a better characterization of ambient bioaerosols and how they relate to outdoor air quality and human exposure

The Effect Of India’S E-Commerce & Trade Due To Covid-19 Pandemic

The enforcement of group distancing, lockdowns and other dealings in answer to the COVID-19 virulent disease has led regulars to raise up online shopping, public media use, internet telephony and teleconferencing, and streaming of videos and films. This has resulted in spikes in business to consumer(B2C) sales and an increase in intensity in business to business (B2B) E-commerce. The expansion in B2C sales is mostly evident in online sales of check up supplies, household requisites and fare products. Query has further more better for internet and mobile information services. The net faculty and spectrum to accommodate the stint to online behaviour has urgently had to be adapted by in corporation operators andgovernments.Requiredhasfallen howeverforavarietyofmilitarywith a outsized online component, such as seeing the sights services

Study of maternal and fetal outcome in postdate pregnancy in tertiary care hospital

Background: Fetal, neonatal and maternal complications associated with pregnancy beyond 40 weeks have always been underestimated. However emerging evidence demonstrates that the incidence of complications increases after 40 weeks of gestation. The present study was conducted to find out the fetomaternal outcome of such prolonged pregnancy.Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of 70 patients with uncomplicated prolonged pregnancy fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria and admitted in department of obstetrics and gynecology at a tertiary care hospital B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.Results: Out of 70 patients, majority of the subjects belongs to 26-30 years of age (50%). The gestational age of 90% of patients were between 40-42 weeks. About 42-44% of the foetus had a birth weight of 2.5-3.5 kgs. Maximum patients underwent vaginal deliveries in spontaneous group (57%) and 64% underwent LSCS in induced group. Mode of delivery is significantly associated with presence of adequate liquor.Conclusions: With regular antenatal check-up, incidence of postdate pregnancy can be decreased and it is important because of definite risk to fetus as pregnancy continuing beyond 40 weeks of gestation is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality especially those who do not come for regular antenatal check-up

Solid Fuel rich Propellant Development for use in a Ramjet to Propel an Artillery Shell

This study describes the development of a fuel-rich propellant to be used in a solid fuel ramjet to provide active propulsion to a 155 mm artillery shell. Fuel-rich propellants consisting of aluminum, ammonium perchlorate and hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene were developed and their ballistic properties were measured to choose the appropriate fuel for the ramjet application. The attempts made were to enhance the burn rates of the propellant to provide required burn rates at lowest possible pressures in primary combustor of the ramjet. The propellant selection was done with reference of working time period of the base bleed unit, to calculate the required burn rate and corresponding pressure in primary combustor. It was observed that the fuel rich propellant of composition 35% ammonium perchlorate with 1 % Iron oxide embedded on it, 30 % mechanically activated aluminum with 10% polytetrafluoroethylene, and 25 % HTPB was found suitable for the above application. This provided the higher burn rates among all developed propellants with high pressure index of 0.58. This makes it suitable for the ramjet requiring higher burn rates at lower possible primary chamber pressures. The Young’s modulus and tensile strength of this propellant was measured to be 1.73 MPa and 0.24 MPa, respectively

MODBUS Protocol for Reading Parameter of AC Drive

This research paper is aimed for reading the parameters of AC Drive by using MODBUS Protocol. This communication protocol is used for Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and this PLC is handling by controller. Hence in this we have checked and observed the parameters of AC Drive by PIC controller with Docklight Software. Here, Docklight software works exactly as AC Drive to read parameters by MODBUS Protocol. MODBUS module is a TTL to RS485 converter Module

Dynamic conformal cooling improves injection molding : hybrid molds manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

To achieve a certain visual quality or acceptable surface appearance in injection-molded components, a higher mold Surface temperature is needed. In order to achieve this, injection molds can be dynamically tempered by integrating an active heating and cooling process inside the mold halves. This heating and cooling of the mold halves becomes more efficient when the temperature change occurs closer to the mold surface. Complex channels that carry cold or hot liquids can be manufactured close to the mold surface by using the layer by layer principle of additive manufacturing. Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), as an additive manufacturing process, has special advantages; in particular, so-called hybrid tools can be manufactured. For example, complex tool inserts with conformal cooling channels can be additively built on simple, machined baseplates. This paper outlines the thermal simulation carried out to optimize the injection molding process by use of dynamic conformal cooling. Based on the results of this simulation, a mold with conformal cooling channels was designed and Additively manufactured in maraging steel (1.2709) and then experimentally tested

The impact of Oncotype DX testing on adjuvant chemotherapy decision making in 1–3 node positive breast cancer

Background: Oncotype DX testing has reduced the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in node-negative early breast cancer but less is known about its impact in node positive patients. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of Oncotype DX gene assay testing on the decision to offer adjuvant chemotherapy in oestrogen positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative, 1–3 lymph node positive patients. Methods: Retrospective review of all node positive patients who underwent Oncotype DX testing at a single centre. Clinicopathological data, as well as estimated survival benefit data (from the PREDICT tool), was evaluated by a multidisciplinary group of surgeons and oncologists. Treatment decisions based on clinicopathological data were compared to recurrence scores (RS). A cut off RS > 30 was used to offer adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: The 69 patients were identified, of which 9 (13%) had an RS > 30 and assigned a high-genomic risk of recurrence. The 32 patients (46.4%) were offered adjuvant chemotherapy. Overall based on the use of the RS, the decision to offer adjuvant chemotherapy changed in 36% of patients, and ultimately 24 patients (34.7%) would have been spared chemotherapy. Conclusion: Using clinicopathological data alone to make decisions regarding adjuvant chemotherapy in node positive breast cancer leads to overtreatment. Additional information on tumour biology as assessed by the Oncotype DX RS helps to select those patients who will benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy and spare patients from unnecessary chemotherapy