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Department of Chemical EngineeringHere, the synthetic methods of luminous quantum dots (QDs) and their application for the quantum dot light emitting device (QLED) were introduced. This dissertation composed for the two parts, the metal nitride QDs synthesis, characterization and their application for QLEDs with the perovskite QDs (PeQDs) synthesis, surface treatment, and their application for the PeQLEDs. Normally, the Cd and Pb chalcogenide semiconductors utilized as the QDs materials. However, the Cd and Pb were regulated from many countries. For the replacement of the Cd and Pb based QDs, the heavy metal free materials demanded for the next generation QDs. From this necessity, the metal nitride chosen as the next-generation eco-friendly QDs materials. Also, the metal nitride QDs utilized for the III-V QDs research as a model system. The combination of the metal and nitrogen precursors focused for the finding the novel synthetic routs of the metal nitride QDs. The metal nitride had prominent stability with optoelectronic properties. However, the synthetic methods of the metal nitride not yet optimized from the low reactivity of the nitrogen sources. Normally, the NH3 gas utilized for the metal nitride material synthesis, but this gas phase precursor had hardness for the exact quantization of the ligand quantity. Also, the complex synthetic pathway with low optoelectronic quality of the conventional colloidal metal nitride QDs hindered general usage of the metal nitride nanomaterials for optoelectronic applications, especially QLEDs. The conventional QDs, which composed for the metal chalcogenide or pnictide, had liquid or solid phase anion precursors. For correct of these problems for the synthesis of the metal nitride, the solid state and/or liquid state nitrogen sources utilized for replacing the gas phase NH3 source. For the band gap control of the metal nitride QDs, the quantum confinement effect, host-guest energy transfer, and the metal alloy ratio control were utilized. From these approaches, the red to blue emitting metal nitride colloidal QDs realized via simple wet-chemical methods. Also, the metal nitride QLED was firstly realized from above luminous colloidal metal nitride QDs. Secondly, the CsPbX3 PeQDs synthesized and their surface treatment methods developed for the optimization of the photoemission properties. The PeQDs had weak binding strength between the surface binding ligand and the PeQDs. From weak binding strength, the surface binding ligand easily detached from the surface of the PeQDs. Striping of the surface binding ligands induced surface defect sites, and these surface defects caused the non-radiative recombination. For the correct of this issue, the ligand assisted post treatment (LAPT) and the ligand assisted solubility adjustment (LASA) methods developed for the preventing of ligand diffusing out tendency. Firstly, long chain ligand added for colloidal PeQDs solution for reducing diffusion rate of the surface binding ligand. This long chain ligand adding pathway called LAPT. For removing excess ligands with reducing the internal resistance of the PeQDs film, aromatic short chain ligands utilized for surface treatment of the PeQDs under solution and/or film state. The short chain ligand passivation served slower diffusion rate and shorter particle to particle distance than pristine ligand condition. From these above properties, the aromatic short chain ligand treatment realized for optimization of the PeQLEDs performance via reducing surface defect with internal resistance of the photoactive layer. This short chain ligand based surface treatment pathway called LASA. From these approach, the optoelectronic properties of the PeQDs and PeQLEDs improved via simple surface treatment for the PeQDs. For the deep study of the colloidal QDs synthesis and application, the metal nitride QDs and the PeQDs utilized as model system. From this interdisciplinary research of the synthesis and the device application of the QDs, this dissertation could find and the correct of the various issues of the QDs as described in this dissertation.ope

Delayed Migration of Tapered Open-Cell Design Carotid Stent: A Case Report

We present a case of delayed migration of an open-cell design carotid stent, which is a rare complication following carotid artery stenting (CAS). A 65-year-old patient with carotid artery stenosis underwent CAS with an open-cell stent, initially achieving successful deployment. However, 4 months later, the stent migrated and resulted in restenosis. The patient underwent balloon angioplasty and received an additional stent, leading to improved blood flow. The rarity of stent migration, particularly in the absence of risk factors, highlights the need for clinicians to be vigilant and consider early imaging follow-up for patients at risk of this complication after CAS

Etanercept treatment for pediatric toxic epidermal necrolysis induced by deflazacort: a case report and literature review

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a life-threatening mucocutaneous disorder commonly caused by drugs. TEN is often treated with corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), or cyclosporine; however, the efficacy of these treatments is controversial. Etanercept (a TNF-α antagonist) was proven to decrease skin-healing time in a randomized clinical trial. Herein, we report the case of a 44-month-old boy who developed TEN due to deflazacort as the probable culprit drug and was successfully treated with etanercept. The patient presented to the emergency department complaining of erythematous maculopapular rashes and vesicles all over the face and body, with vesicles on the hands, feet, and trunk. Symptoms started 4 days before presentation, with edema of the upper lip, which progressed to erythematous macules over the body. He was started on deflazacort for nephrotic syndrome 21 days before the visit. Approximately 20% of the body surface area (BSA) was covered by vesicular lesions. Under the diagnosis of Steven Johnson syndrome/TEN, deflazacort was discontinued, and intravenous dexamethasone (1.5 mg/kg/day), a 5-day course of IVIG (0.4 mg/kg/day), and cyclosporine (3 mg/kg/day) were administered. The lesions seemed to be stationary for 3 days, but on the 6th day of hospitalization, when IVIG was discontinued, the vesicular lesions progressed to approximately 60% of the BSA. Etanercept 0.8 mg/kg was administered subcutaneously. Lesions stopped progressing, and bullous lesions started epithelialization. However, on the 15th day, around 30% of the BSA was still involved; thus, a second dose of etanercept was administered. No acute or sub-acute complications were observed. In conclusion, the use of etanercept in children with TEN that is not controlled with conventional therapy is both effective and safe

Gorham-Stout Syndrome with Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A Case Report

Gorham-Stout syndrome is a rare bone disorder characterized by progressive massive osteolysis and proliferation of vascular and lymphatic vessels. A 15-year-old boy was initially diagnosed with Gorham-Stout at the age of 8 years based on clinical and radiological findings. Following diagnosis, he was treated with pamidronate, interferon alfa, propranolol, oral corticosteroids, and sirolimus. He developed proteinuria at the age of 15 and progressed into the nephrotic range 2 years later. A renal biopsy revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, not otherwise specified variant. The sequential increase in proteinuria associated with medications suggested that the focal segmental glomerulosclerosis may be caused by pamidronate and sirolimus, but cannot completely rule out the possibility of kidney involvement of GSS itself

Large-Scale Synthesis of Highly Luminescent InP@ZnS Quantum Dots Using Elemental Phosphorus Precursor

Department of Chemical EngineeringColloidal quantum dots can control the bandgap by controlling the particle size, and are capable of solution processing, which is cost competitive, and has a narrow half width of the emission wavelength. Using these characteristics, it is possible to utilize various kinds of LED, solar cell, and bio imaging. Among them, indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots have a bandgap capable of emitting light in the near-infrared region from the visible light region, and are less toxic to humans and the environment than cadmium-based quantum dots, and are attracting attention as next generation light emitting materials. However, the limited choice and high cost of P precursors have a negative impact on their practical applicability. In this work, I report the large-scale synthesis of highly luminescent InP@ZnS QDs from an elemental P precursor (P4), which was simply synthesized via the sublimation of red P powder. The size of the InP QDs was controlled by varying the reaction parameters such as the reaction time and temperature, and the type of In precursors. This way, the photoluminescence properties of the synthesized InP@ZnS QDs could be easily tuned across the entire visible range, while their quantum yield could be increased up to 60% via the optimization of reaction conditions. Furthermore, possible reaction pathways for the formation of InP QDs using the P4 precursor have been investigated with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and it was demonstrated that the direct reaction of P4 precursor with In precursor produces InP structures without the formation of intermediate species. The large-scale production of InP@ZnS QDs was demonstrated by yielding more than 6 g of QDs per one-batch reaction. In the case of InP using different precursor P except the Tris(Trimethylsilyl) phosphine ((TMS)3P) there has been a problem that the size distribution is poor. Two kinds of P precursors with different reactivities were used to separate the nucleation and growth processes and to induce growth along the Lamer mechanism to produce uniform particles. For this, (TMS)3P and DEAP were used as fast reacting P precursors, and P4 was used as a slow reacting P precursor. Through this, the possibility of uniform particle formation was observed. I strongly believe that the newly developed approach bears the potential to be widely used for manufacturing inexpensive high-quality QD emitters.ope

Modelling charge transport and electro-optical characteristics of quantum dot light-emitting diodes

Abstracts: Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) are considered as competitive candidate for next-generation displays or lightings. Recent advances in the synthesis of core/shell quantum dots (QDs) and tailoring procedures for achieving their high quantum yield have facilitated the emergence of high-performance QD-LEDs. Meanwhile, the charge-carrier dynamics in QD-LED devices, which constitutes the remaining core research area for further improvement of QD-LEDs, is, however, poorly understood yet. Here, we propose a charge transport model in which the charge-carrier dynamics in QD-LEDs are comprehensively described by computer simulations. The charge-carrier injection is modelled by the carrier-capturing process, while the effect of electric fields at their interfaces is considered. The simulated electro-optical characteristics of QD-LEDs, such as the luminance, current density and external quantum efficiency (EQE) curves with varying voltages, show excellent agreement with experiments. Therefore, our computational method proposed here provides a useful means for designing and optimising high-performance QD-LED devices

Modeling Electrical Percolation to optimize the Electromechanical Properties of CNT/Polymer Composites in Highly Stretchable Fiber Strain Sensors

Abstract: A simulation model of electrical percolation through a three-dimensional network of curved CNTs is developed in order to analyze the electromechanical properties of a highly stretchable fiber strain sensor made of a CNT/polymer composite. Rigid-body movement of the curved CNTs within the polymer matrix is described analytically. Random arrangements of CNTs within the composite are generated by a Monte-Carlo simulation method and a union-find algorithm is utilized to investigate the network percolation. Consequently, the strain-induced resistance change curves are obtained in a wide strain range of the composite. In order to compare our model with experimental results, two CNT/polymer composite fibers were fabricated and tested as strain sensors. Their effective CNT volume fractions are estimated by comparing the experimental data with our simulation model. The results confirm that the proposed simulation model reproduces well the experimental data and is useful for predicting and optimizing the electromechanical characteristics of highly stretchable fiber strain sensors based on CNT/polymer composites

Truly form-factor–free industrially scalable system integration for electronic textile architectures with multifunctional fiber devices

Funding Information: This work was supported by the European Commission (H2020, 1D-NEON, grant agreement ID: 685758). J.M.K. and L.G.O. acknowledge the support from the U.K. Research and Innovation (EPSRC, EP/P027628/1). We thank Y. Bernstein and J. Faulkner for helping with grammar check. Funding Information: Acknowledgments Funding:ThisworkwassupportedbytheEuropeanCommission(H2020,1D-NEON,grant agreementID:685758).J.M.K.andL.G.O.acknowledgethesupportfromtheU.K.Researchand Innovation(EPSRC,EP/P027628/1).W ethankY .BernsteinandJ.Faulknerforhelpingwith grammarcheck.Authorcontributions:S.L.andJ.M.K.conceivedtheproject.S.L.,L.G.O.,P .B., R.Martins,andJ.M.K.supervisedtheproject.S.L.andH.L.developedF-PD.S.L.,Y .-W .L., G.-H.A., D.-W .S., J.I.S.,andS.C.developedF-SC.C.L.F ., A.S.,R.I.,P .B., andR.Martinsdevelopedfiber transistor.S.L.,H.L.,andS.C.developedF-LED.ThefiberdeviceswereevaluatedbyS.L.,H.W .C., D.-W .S., H.L.,S.J.,S.D.H.,S.Y .B., S.Z.,W .H.-C., Y .-H.S., X.-B.F ., T .H.L., J.-W .J., andY .K. The developmentofweavingprocesswasconductedbyS.L.,H.W .C., F .M.M., P .J., andV .G.C. Thelaser interconnectionwasdevelopedbyS.L.,H.W .C., K.U.,M.E.,andM.S.Thetextiledemonstrations werecharacterizedbyS.L.,H.W .C., D.-W .S., J.Y ., S.S.,U.E.,S.N.,A.C.,A.M.,R.Momentè,J.G.,N.D., S.M.,C.-H.K.,M.L.,A.N.,D.J.,M.C.,andY .C. ThismanuscriptwaswrittenbyS.L.andJ.M.K.and reviewed by H.W .C., D.-W .S., M.C.,L.G.O., P .B., E.F ., and G.A.J.A. All authors discussed the results andcommentedonthemanuscript.Competinginterests:Theauthorsdeclarethattheyhave nocompetinginterests.Dataandmaterialsavailability:Alldataneededtoevaluatethe conclusionsinthepaperarepresentinthepaperand/ortheSupplementaryMaterials. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2023 The Authors, some rights reserved.An integrated textile electronic system is reported here, enabling a truly free form factor system via textile manufacturing integration of fiber-based electronic components. Intelligent and smart systems require freedom of form factor, unrestricted design, and unlimited scale. Initial attempts to develop conductive fibers and textile electronics failed to achieve reliable integration and performance required for industrial-scale manufacturing of technical textiles by standard weaving technologies. Here, we present a textile electronic system with functional one-dimensional devices, including fiber photodetectors (as an input device), fiber supercapacitors (as an energy storage device), fiber field-effect transistors (as an electronic driving device), and fiber quantum dot light-emitting diodes (as an output device). As a proof of concept applicable to smart homes, a textile electronic system composed of multiple functional fiber components is demonstrated, enabling luminance modulation and letter indication depending on sunlight intensity.publishersversionpublishe

The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 regulates adipocyte differentiation via proteasomemediated degradation of PPAR gamma

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR??) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. The transcriptional activity of PPAR?? is regulated not only by ligands but also by post-translational modifications (PTMs). In this study, we demonstrate that a novel E3 ligase of PPAR??, tripartite motif-containing 25 (TRIM25), directly induced the ubiquitination of PPAR??, leading to its proteasome-dependent degradation. During adipocyte differentiation, both TRIM25 mRNA and protein expression significantly decreased and negatively correlated with the expression of PPAR??. The stable expression of TRIM25 reduced PPAR?? protein levels and suppressed adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. In contrast, the specific knockdown of TRIM25 increased PPAR?? protein levels and stimulated adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, TRIM25-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibited an increased adipocyte differentiation capability compared with wild-type MEFs. Taken together, these data indicate that TRIM25 is a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase of PPAR?? and that TRIM25 is a novel target for PPAR??-associated metabolic diseases