Instagramin suosittelujärjestelmien toiminta

Suosittelujärjestelmät on alun perin kehitetty auttamaan ihmisiä tekemään päätöksiä. Nopeasti ne ovat kuitenkin levinneet erilaisille alustoille sekä nettisivuille. Sosiaalisen median suuren suosion kasvun myötä, viimeisen vuosikymmenen aikana, myös sosiaalisen median sovelluksissa on alettu hyödyntämään suosittelujärjestelmiä. Tässä tutkielmassa perehdytään sosiaalisen median sovelluksen Instagramin suosittelujärjestelmien toimintaan. Tutkielman tarkoituksena on tutkia, miten Instagram suosittelee alustansa käyttäjilleen sisältöä ja pohtia miltä suosittelualgoritmeilta Instagramin suosittelujärjestelmät ominaisuuksiltaan vaikuttavat. Tutkielma on suoritettu kirjallisuuskatsauksena. Tutkielmassa on havaittu, että Instagram on jakanut suosittelujärjestelmänsä erilleen jokaiseen sovelluksen eri osaan syöte, tarinat, hakusivu ja kelat, jossa jokaisessa käytetään omaa räätälöityä suosittelualgoritmia. Ominaisuuksiltaan Instagramin syöte- sekä kelaosion suosittelualgoritmit vaikuttavat tuotepohjaiselta yhteistoiminnalliselta suosittelualgoritmilta, tarinaosion suosittelualgoritmi vaikuttaa käyttäjäpohjaiselta yhteistoiminnalliselta suosittelualgoritmilta ja hakusivun suosittelualgoritmi vaikuttaa sisältöpohjaisen suosittelualgoritmin sekä käyttäjäpohjaisen yhteistoiminnallisen suosittelualgoritmin hybridisuosittelualgoritmilta. Tehdyn tutkimuksen myötä on havaittu, että sosiaalisen median sovellusten suosittelujärjestelmät ovat jokseenkin vaikea tutkimuskohde, sillä ne ovat salattuja. Tämän takia onkin merkittävää, että aiheen tutkimusta jatketaan, jotta aihe saataisiin saataville suuremmalle yleisölle ja käyttäjien tietoisuutta saataisiin lisättyä. Täten sovellusten käyttökokemus voisi parantua entisestään ja käyttäjät tulisivat tietoiseksi myös sosiaalisen median sovelluksen käytön mahdollisista uhista sekä tietoturvariskeistä

Activating transcription factor 3 is a positive regulator of human IFNG gene expression

IL-12 and IL-18 are essential for Th1 differentiation, whereas the role of IFN-α in Th1 development is less understood. In this microarray-based study, we searched for genes that are regulated by IFN-α, IL-12, or the combination of IL-12 plus IL-18 during the early differentiation of human umbilical cord blood CD4+ Th cells. Twenty-six genes were similarly regulated in response to treatment with IL-12, IFN-α, or the combination of IL-12 plus IL-18. These genes could therefore play a role in Th1 lineage decision. Transcription factor activating transcription factor (ATF) 3 was upregulated by these cytokines and selected for further study. Ectopic expression of ATF3 in CD4+ T cells enhanced the production of IFN-α, the hallmark cytokine of Th1 cells, whereas small interfering RNA knockdown of ATF3 reduced IFN-γ production. Furthermore, ATF3 formed an endogenous complex with JUN in CD4+ T cells induced to Th1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays showed that both ATF3 and JUN are recruited to and transactivate the IFNG promoter during early Th1 differentiation. Collectively, these data indicate that ATF3 promotes human Th1 differentiation

Effect of Inhaled Xenon on Cardiac Function in Comatose Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest-A Substudy of the Xenon in Combination With Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Trial

Peer reviewe

Effect of Inhaled Xenon on Cardiac Function in Comatose Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest—A Substudy of the Xenon in Combination With Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Trial

OBJECTIVES: This explorative substudy aimed at determining the effect ofinhaled xenon on left ventricular function by echocardiography in comatose survivorsof out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.DESIGN: A randomized two-group single-blinded phase 2 clinical drug trial.SETTING: A multipurpose ICU in two university hospitals.PATIENTS: Of the 110 randomized comatose survivors after out-of-hospital cardiacarrest with a shockable rhythm in the xenon in combination with hypothermiaafter cardiac arrest trial, 38 patients (24–76 yr old) with complete echocardiographywere included in this study.INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized to receive either inhaled xenoncombined with hypothermia (33 C) for 24 hours or hypothermia treatment alone.Echocardiography was performed at hospital admission and 24 4 hours afterhypothermia.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Left ventricular ejection fraction,myocardial longitudinal systolic strain, and diastolic function were analyzedblinded to treatment. There were 17 xenon and 21 control patients in whom echocardiographywas completed. Clinical characteristics did not differ significantlybetween the groups. At admission, ejection fraction was similar in xenon and controlpatients (39% 10% vs 38% 11%; p = 0.711) but higher in xenon thancontrol patients after hypothermia (50% 10% vs 42% 10%; p = 0.014).Global longitudinal systolic strain was similar in xenon and control patients atadmission (–9.0% 3.8% vs –8.1% 3.6%; p = 0.555) but better in xenonthan control patients after hypothermia (–14.4.0% 4.0% vs –10.5% 4.0%;p = 0.006). In patients with coronary artery disease, longitudinal strain improved inthe nonischemic myocardial segments in xenon patients. There were no changesin diastolic function between the groups.</p

Esimiehen rooli myynnin tukena

Opinnäytetyössä tarkastellaan esimiehen roolia myyntitulosten parantamiseksi. Tavoitteena on selvittää miten esimies voi roolillaan tukea ja auttaa myyntiryhmäänsä saamaan parempia tuloksia.Teoria on jaettu kolmeen osaan. Ensimmäisessä osassa käsitellään esimiestyötä ja johtamista. Toisessa osassa käsitellään avainhaasteita suorituksen parantamisessa ja hyvän myynnin edellytyksiä. Teorian kolmas osa käsittelee huipputiimin luomista ja esimiehen mahdollisuutta vaikuttaa myyntiryhmänsä kautta yrityksen tuloksiin. Opinnäytetyön empiirisessä osiossa kuvataan haastattelun avulla yritysten esimiesten käsityksiä esimiehen roolista myynnin tukijoina, haasteita ja konkreettisia ehdotuksia näiden hyväksi tekemiseen. Haastattelu toteutettiin eri yritysten esimiehille, jotka työskentelevät myyntipainotteisessa työympäristössä. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin kvalitatiivista tutkimusmenetelmää. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että esimiestyö ja johtaminen ovat myynnin edellytys. Tärkeimpänä roolina esimiehen tulee tuoda tavoitteet esille ja pitää huolta siitä, että tavoite on selkeä, oikeudenmukainen ja haastava. Esimiehen tulee pitää huolta myös muista osa-alueista kuten hyvä työympäristö,sitoutuminen ja motivaatio.This thesis deals with how a manager can with her role support and help her sales team to reach better results.The theoretical section of the thesis is in three parts. The first part focuses on a manager’s job and management. The second deals with the key challenges in improving the performance and conditions for good sales. The third part of the theoretical subject is how to create a team which can achieve good results. A qualitative research method was used in the study. The study consists of an interview study performed among the managers of different companies. The managers work in sales work environment. The results showed that managerial work and management are a prerequisite to get good results. The manager can affect the sales and results in many areas

Inhaled Xenon Attenuates Myocardial Damage in Comatose Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest The Xe-Hypotheca Trial

Marjaana Tiainen on Xe-HYPOTHECA Study Grp -työryhmän jäsen.BACKGROUND The authors previously reported that inhaled xenon combined with hypothermia attenuates brain white matter injury in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). OBJECTIVES A pre-defined secondary objective was to assess the effect of inhaled xenon on myocardial ischemic damage in the same study population. METHODS A total of 110 comatose patients who had experienced OHCA from a cardiac cause were randomized to receive either inhaled xenon (40% end-tidal concentration) combined with hypothermia (33 degrees C) for 24 h (n = 55; xenon group) or hypothermia treatment alone (n = 55; control group). Troponin-T levels were measured at hospital admission, and at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h post-cardiac arrest. All available cases were analyzed for troponin-T release. RESULTS Troponin-T measurements were available from 54 xenon patients and 54 control patients. The baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between the groups. After adjustments for age, sex, study site, primary coronary percutaneous intervention (PCI), and norepinephrine dose, the mean +/- SD post-arrival incremental change of the ln-transformed troponin-T at 72 h was 0.79 +/- 1.54 in the xenon group and 1.56 +/- 1.38 in the control group (adjusted mean difference -0.66; 95% confidence interval: -1.16 to -0.16; p = 0.01). The effect of xenon on the change in the troponin-T values did not differ in patients with or without PCI or in those with a diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (group by PCI or ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction interaction effect; p = 0.86 and p = 0.71, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Among comatose survivors of OHCA, in comparison with hypothermia alone, inhaled xenon combined with hypothermia suggested a less severe myocardial injury as demonstrated by the significantly reduced release of troponin-T. (C) 2017 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.Peer reviewe

Inhaled Xenon Attenuates Myocardial Damage in Comatose Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: The Xe-Hypotheca Trial.

BACKGROUND:The authors previously reported that inhaled xenon combined with hypothermia attenuates brain white matter injury in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). OBJECTIVES:A pre-defined secondary objective was to assess the effect of inhaled xenon on myocardial ischemic damage in the same study population. METHODS:A total of 110 comatose patients who had experienced OHCA from a cardiac cause were randomized to receive either inhaled xenon (40% end-tidal concentration) combined with hypothermia (33°C) for 24&nbsp;h (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;55; xenon group) or hypothermia treatment alone (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;55; control group). Troponin-T levels were measured at hospital admission, and at 24 h, 48 h, and 72&nbsp;h post-cardiac arrest. All available cases were analyzed for troponin-T release. RESULTS:Troponin-T measurements were available from 54 xenon patients and 54 control patients. The baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between the groups. After adjustments for age, sex, study site, primary coronary&nbsp;percutaneous intervention (PCI), and norepinephrine dose, the mean ± SD post-arrival incremental&nbsp;change of the ln-transformed troponin-T at 72&nbsp;h was 0.79 ± 1.54 in the xenon group and 1.56 ± 1.38 in the control group (adjusted mean difference&nbsp;-0.66; 95% confidence interval:&nbsp;-1.16 to&nbsp;-0.16; p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.01). The effect of xenon on the change in the troponin-T values did not differ in patients with or without PCI or in those with a diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (group by PCI or ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction interaction effect; p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.86 and p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.71, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:Among comatose survivors of OHCA, in comparison with hypothermia alone, inhaled xenon combined with hypothermia suggested a less severe myocardial injury as demonstrated by the significantly reduced release of troponin-T

Effect of Inhaled Xenon on Cardiac Function in Comatose Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest—A Substudy of the Xenon in Combination With Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Trial

This explorative substudy aimed at determining the effect of inhaled xenon on left ventricular function by echocardiography in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.DesignA randomized two-group single-blinded phase 2 clinical drug trial.SettingA multipurpose ICU in two university hospitals.PatientsOf the 110 randomized comatose survivors after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with a shockable rhythm in the xenon in combination with hypothermia after cardiac arrest trial, 38 patients (24-76 yr old) with complete echocardiography were included in this study.InterventionsPatients were randomized to receive either inhaled xenon combined with hypothermia (33°C) for 24 hours or hypothermia treatment alone. Echocardiography was performed at hospital admission and 24 ± 4 hours after hypothermia.Measurements and main resultsLeft ventricular ejection fraction, myocardial longitudinal systolic strain, and diastolic function were analyzed blinded to treatment. There were 17 xenon and 21 control patients in whom echocardiography was completed. Clinical characteristics did not differ significantly between the groups. At admission, ejection fraction was similar in xenon and control patients (39% ± 10% vs 38% ± 11%; p = 0.711) but higher in xenon than control patients after hypothermia (50% ± 10% vs 42% ± 10%; p = 0.014). Global longitudinal systolic strain was similar in xenon and control patients at admission (-9.0% ± 3.8% vs -8.1% ± 3.6%; p = 0.555) but better in xenon than control patients after hypothermia (-14.4.0% ± 4.0% vs -10.5% ± 4.0%; p = 0.006). In patients with coronary artery disease, longitudinal strain improved in the nonischemic myocardial segments in xenon patients. There were no changes in diastolic function between the groups.ConclusionsAmong comatose survivors of a cardiac cause out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, inhaled xenon combined with hypothermia was associated with greater recovery of left ventricular systolic function in comparison with hypothermia alone