PhDHS Is Involved in Chloroplast Development in Petunia

Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) is encoded by a nuclear gene and is the key enzyme involved in the post-translational activation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF5A. DHS plays important roles in plant growth and development. To gain a better understanding of DHS, the petunia (Petunia hybrida) PhDHS gene was isolated, and the role of PhDHS in plant growth was analyzed. PhDHS protein was localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm. Virus-mediated PhDHS silencing caused a sectored chlorotic leaf phenotype. Chlorophyll levels and photosystem II activity were reduced, and chloroplast development was abnormal in PhDHS-silenced leaves. In addition, PhDHS silencing resulted in extended leaf longevity and thick leaves. A proteome assay revealed that 308 proteins are upregulated and 266 proteins are downregulated in PhDHS-silenced plants compared with control, among the latter, 21 proteins of photosystem I and photosystem II and 12 thylakoid (thylakoid lumen and thylakoid membrane) proteins. In addition, the mRNA level of PheIF5A-1 significantly decreased in PhDHS-silenced plants, while that of another three PheIF5As were not significantly affected in PhDHS-silenced plants. Thus, silencing of PhDHS affects photosynthesis presumably as an indirect effect due to reduced expression of PheIF5A-1 in petunia.Significance:PhDHS-silenced plants develop yellow leaves and exhibit a reduced level of photosynthetic pigment in mesophyll cells. In addition, arrested development of chloroplasts is observed in the yellow leaves

Salt-Free Dyeing of Cotton Fabric Using 3-Chloro-2-Hydroxypropyltrimethyl Ammonium Chloride by Pad-Irradiate-Pad-Steam Process, and Prediction of Its K/S Value by LS-SVM

Based on conventional pad-dry-pad-steam (PDPS) process, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride was used as an etherifying agent to cationize cotton by the pad-irradiate process by microwave and then the cationized fabric was salt-free dyed by the pad-steam process. The results showed that the dyeability of the cationized fabric with salt-free reactive dye was nearly equivalent with conventional PDPS process. This study also developed a model to predict K/S value of dyed cotton fabric based on least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM). The simulation results based on actual run data demonstrated that the model using LS-SVM has high prediction accuracy and can be employed to predict the K/S value of dyed fabric using pad-irradiate-pad-steam process

Distributed coordinated reconfiguration with soft open points for resilience-oriented restoration in integrated electric and heating systems

As the coupling between power distribution systems (PDSs) and district heating systems (DHSs) becomes tighter, it is critical to develop a coordinated strategy for load restoration in integrated electric and heating systems (IEHSs) after natural catastrophes. Similar to PDS reconfiguration, DHSs can modify network topology by remotely operating the ties and sectionalizing valves. A coordinated reconfiguration with soft open points (SOPs) is proposed in this paper for resilience-oriented restoration in IEHSs, which mitigates the fault propagation during fault isolation and explores the flexibility of network topology variation with SOPs for load restoration. To guarantee the privacy of electric and heating systems, we propose an adaptive alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), which divides the original problem into PDS and DHS subproblems. The proposed algorithm can intelligently dispatch SOPs and switches in the PDS sub-problem and valves in the DHS subproblem. Comprehensive case studies are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of coordinated reconfiguration with SOPs for load restoration and verify the proposed algorithm. When considering coordinated reconfiguration with SOPs under the PDS fault scenario, the resilience metrics value increases by 9.6% compared to only PDS reconfiguration

A preliminary study of calcium channel-associated mRNA and miRNA networks in post-traumatic epileptic rats

Abstract The calcium channels are the main pathogenesis and therapeutic target for post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). However, differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and mRNAs associated with calcium channels in PTE and their interactions are poorly understood. We produced a PTE model in rats and conducted RNA-seq in PTE rats. Gene annotation was used to verify differentially expressed mRNAs related to calcium channels. RNAhybrid, PITA, and Miranda prediction were used to build the miRNA–mRNA pairs. Furthermore, Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were used for the functional enrichment analysis of DEMs. The quantification changes of mRNA and miRNA were verified by RT-qPCR. There were 431 identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PTE rats compared with the sham group, of which five mRNAs and 7 miRNAs were related to calcium channels. The miRNA–mRNA network suggested a negative correlation between 11 pairs of miRNA–mRNA involved in the p53 signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway. RT-qPCR verified three upregulated mRNAs in PTE rats, associated with 7 DEMs negatively related to them, respectively. This study has revealed the changes in miRNA–mRNA pairs associated with calcium channels in PTE, which might contribute to the further interpretation of potential underlying molecular mechanisms of PTE and the discovery of promising diagnostics