Patient-focused interventions to support vulnerable people using oral anticoagulants: a narrative review.

The aim of this review was to identify patient-focused interventions that have been trialed to support vulnerable patient populations taking oral anticoagulants (warfarin and the direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs)) such as older persons (65 years and over), those with limited health literacy, and those from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. This review also aimed to report on the effects of these interventions on outcomes relevant to the use of anticoagulant therapy. Original articles published between 1 January 1995 and 30 June 2017 were identified using several electronic databases such as Medline, Ovid, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The following terms were used for the three-tiered search: Tier 1, elderly, aged, older adult, geriatrics; Tier 2, health literacy, literacy, low health literacy, low English proficiency, patient literacy; and Tier 3, ethnicity, ethnic, ethnic groups, CALD, culturally and linguistically diverse, NESB, non-English speaking background, race, racial groups, religion, religious groups, and minority groups. The terms for each tier were combined with the following terms: anticoagulants, anticoagulation, warfarin, apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, DOACS, new oral anticoagulants, novel oral anticoagulants, patient care, patient knowledge, comprehension, patient education, patient participation, and communication. A total of 41 studies were identified. Most of the interventions identified included older persons taking warfarin who were monitored using the international normalized ratio (INR) and who received patient education. Many interventions reported a significant positive impact on patients' knowledge, reduction in the number of adverse events caused by hemorrhage, and better INR control. More research on patient-focused interventions is needed that includes patients with limited health literacy, those from CALD backgrounds, and family members and caregivers of patients taking oral anticoagulants

Inference under unequal probability sampling with the Bayesian exponentially tilted empirical likelihood.

Fully Bayesian inference in the presence of unequal probability sampling requires stronger structural assumptions on the data-generating distribution than frequentist semiparametric methods, but offers the potential for improved small-sample inference and convenient evidence synthesis. We demonstrate that the Bayesian exponentially tilted empirical likelihood can be used to combine the practical benefits of Bayesian inference with the robustness and attractive large-sample properties of frequentist approaches. Estimators defined as the solutions to unbiased estimating equations can be used to define a semiparametric model through the set of corresponding moment constraints. We prove Bernstein-von Mises theorems which show that the posterior constructed from the resulting exponentially tilted empirical likelihood becomes approximately normal, centred at the chosen estimator with matching asymptotic variance; thus, the posterior has properties analogous to those of the estimator, such as double robustness, and the frequentist coverage of any credible set will be approximately equal to its credibility. The proposed method can be used to obtain modified versions of existing estimators with improved properties, such as guarantees that the estimator lies within the parameter space. Unlike existing Bayesian proposals, our method does not prescribe a particular choice of prior or require posterior variance correction, and simulations suggest that it provides superior performance in terms of frequentist criteria.MR

Tuning the magnetic and structural phase transitions of PrFeAsO via Fe/Ru spin dilution

Neutron diffraction and muon spin relaxation measurements are used to obtain a detailed phase diagram of Pr(Fe,Ru)AsO. The isoelectronic substitution of Ru for Fe acts effectively as spin dilution, suppressing both the structural and magnetic phase transitions. The temperature of the tetragonal-orthorhombic structural phase transition decreases gradually as a function of x. Slightly below the transition temperature coherent precessions of the muon spin are observed corresponding to static magnetism, possibly reflecting a significant magneto-elastic coupling in the FeAs layers. Short range order in both the Fe and Pr moments persists for higher levels of x. The static magnetic moments disappear at a concentration coincident with that expected for percolation of the J1-J2 square lattice model

A note on the realignment criterion

For a quantum state in a bipartite system represented as a density matrix, researchers used the realignment matrix and functions on its singular values to study the separability of the quantum state. We obtain bounds for elementary symmetric functions of singular values of realignment matrices. This answers some open problems proposed by Lupo, Aniello, and Scardicchio. As a consequence, we show that the proposed scheme by these authors for testing separability would not work if the two subsystems of the bipartite system have the same dimension.Comment: 11 pages, to appear in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretica

(1)H, (15)N and (13)C backbone resonance assignments of the TPR1 and TPR2A domains of mouse STI1.

Hop/STI1 (Hsp-organizing protein/stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1) is a molecular co-chaperone, which coordinates Hsp70 and Hsp90 activity during client protein folding through interactions with its TPR1 and TPR2A domains. Hsp90 substrates include a diverse set of proteins, many of which have been implicated in tumorigenesis. Over-expression of Hsp90 in cancer cells stabilizes mutant oncoproteins promoting cancer cell survival. Disruption of Hsp90 and its co-chaperone machinery has become a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer. STI1 has also been described as a neurotrophic signaling molecule through its interactions with the prion protein (PrP(C)). Here, we report the (1)H, (13)C and (15)N backbone assignments of the TPR1 and TPR2A domains of mouse STI1, which interact with Hsp70 and Hsp90, respectively. (1)H-(15)N HSQC spectra of TPR2A domain in the presence of a peptide encoding the C-terminal Hsp90 binding site revealed significant chemical shift changes indicating complex formation. These results will facilitate the screening of potential molecules that inhibit STI1 complex formation with Hsp70 and/or Hsp90 for the treatment of cancer and detailed structural studies of the STI1-PrP(C) complex

Mesoscale observations of Joule heating near an auroral arc and ion-neutral collision frequency in the polar cap E region

We report on the first mesoscale combined ionospheric and thermospheric observations, partly in the vicinity of an auroral arc, from Svalbard in the polar cap on 2 February 2010. The EISCAT Svalbard radar employed a novel scanning mode in order to obtain F and E region ion flows over an annular region centered on the radar. Simultaneously, a colocated Scanning Doppler Imager observed the E region neutral winds and temperatures around 110 km altitude using the 557.7 nm auroral optical emission. Combining the ion and neutral data permits the E region Joule heating to be estimated with an azimuthal spatial resolution of ∼64 km at a radius of ∼163 km from the radar. The spatial distribution of Joule heating shows significant mesoscale variation. The ion-neutral collision frequency is measured in the E region by combining all the data over the entire field of view with only weak aurora present. The estimated ion-neutral collision frequency at ∼113 km altitude is in good agreement with the MSIS atmospheric model

Recursive Encoding and Decoding of Noiseless Subsystem and Decoherence Free Subspace

When the environmental disturbace to a quantum system has a wavelength much larger than the system size, all qubits localized within a small area are under action of the same error operators. Noiseless subsystem and decoherence free subspace are known to correct such collective errors. We construct simple quantum circuits, which implement these collective error correction codes, for a small number $n$ of physical qubits. A single logical qubit is encoded with $n=3$ and $n=4$, while two logical qubits are encoded with $n=5$. The recursive relations among the subspaces employed in noiseless subsystem and decoherence free subspace play essential r\^oles in our implementation. The recursive relations also show that the number of gates required to encode $m$ logical qubits increases linearly in $m$.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

Assessing IPv6 Through Web Access - A Measurement Study and Its Findings

Transitioning an infrastructure the size of the Internet is no small feat. We are in the midst of such a transition, \ie from IPv4 to IPv6. IPv6 was standardized 15~years ago, but until recently there were few incentives to adopt it. The allocation of the last large block of IPv4 addresses changed that, and migrating to an IPv6 Internet has become more urgent. This migration is, however, still rife with uncertainties and challenges. The goal of this paper is to provide insight into this transition, and possibly make it smoother. The focus is on the ``network,\u27\u27 and the paper reports on extensive measurements that compare and contrast IPv6 and IPv4. Two important hypotheses, denoted as H1 and H2, were identified and validated. H1 argues that the IPv6 and IPv4 data planes now perform by and large comparably. In contrast, H2 points to routing differences as the primary culprit behind occurrences of poorer IPv6 performance. In other words, promoting IPv6 and IPv4 peering parity is probably the single most effective step towards equal IPv6 and IPv4 performanc

Predicting the outcome of conservative (non-surgical) voice therapy for adults with laryngeal pathologies associated with hyperfunctional voice use

Health Services Research Fund & Health Care and Promotion Fund: Research Dissemination Reports (Series 8)published_or_final_versio