Removing border protection on wheat and rice: effects on rural income and food self-sufficiency in China

In this paper, I use the Monash Multi-Country model – a dynamic Computable General Equilibrium model of China, Australia and the Rest of the World – to analyse the effects of removing border protection on wheat and rice in China. The analysis points to the possibility that removing border protection on wheat and rice may lead to an increase in rural income in China. This is mainly due to the following two factors. First, removing border protection on wheat and rice not only leads to a contraction in agricultural activities, but also leads to an expansion in manufacturing and services activities. Second, on average, rural households in China obtain over half of their income from manufacturing and services activities.CGE modelling, China, rural income, wheat and rice, Crop Production/Industries, Food Security and Poverty,

A Foucauldian and Lacanian Evaluation of the Intrinsic Conflicts among Chinese American Bachelors in Eat a Bowl of Tea

A good look taken at the analytical findings of a good many scholars who have been devoted to the studies of this novel from the perspectives of Chinatown life in relation the rich lives and experiences depicted in the production of this Chinese American novel Eat a Bowl of Tea (1961) by Louis Chu on the basis of the basic needs to be met for the majority of those womanless and childless men who had been segregated from the normal participation in American mainstream life owing to the popularization of racial discrimination over there at that historical moment. It has been found in an evident fashion that fewer essential explorations have been made of the intrinsic hierarchical conflicts among Chinese American bachelors who have lived in Chinatown in reference to what has been mirrored in this novel in an authentic fashion. For the sake of the analytical inadequacy in this respect, this paper will explore how the characters’ intrinsic hierarchical conflicts with respect to their particular thoughts, profits, moralities and hierarchies have a great impact on the increasing enrichment and improvement of their rich lives and experiences in reference to those among Chinese American workers in 1970s caused by the intrinsic divergences personified in the lives and careers as a result of their actual failure to adapt themselves to American society, American culture, and American history through the historical analysis made of those characters in view of the crucial insights shaped in the development of Foucauldian historicism and Lacanian historicism. In this sense, it will be made rather evident that the profound reflection of this novel will shed some impressive lights on the further rumination of this adaption in the future

Graph Convolutional Networks for Predictive Healthcare using Clinical Notes

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 공과대학 컴퓨터공학부, 2020. 8. 김선.Clinical notes in Electronic Health Record(EHR) system are recorded in free text forms with different styles and abbreviations of personal preference. Thus, it is very difficult to extract clinically meaningful information from EHR clinical notes. There are many computational methods developed for tasks such as medical text normalization, medical entity extraction, and patient-level prediction tasks. Existing methods for the patient-level prediction task focus on capturing the contextual or sequential information from clinical texts, but they are not designed to capture global and non-consecutive information in the clinical texts. Recently, graph convolutional neural networks(GCNs) are successfully used for text-based classification since GCN can extract the global and long-distance information among the whole texts. However, application of GCN for mining clinical notes is yet to be fully explored. In this study, we propose an end-to-end framework for the analysis of clinical notes using graph neural network-based techniques to predict whether a patient is with MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) positive infection or negative infection. For this MRSA infection prediction, it is critical to capture the patient-specific and global non-consecutive information from patient clinical notes. The clinical notes of a patient are processed to construct a patient-level graph, and each patient-level graph is fed into the GCN-based framework for graph-level supervised learning. The proposed framework consists of a graph convolutional network layer, a graph pooling layer, and a readout layer, followed by a fully connected layer. We tested various settings of the GCN-based framework with various combinations of graph convolution operations and graph pooling methods and we evaluated the performance of each variant framework. In experiments with MRSA infection data, all of the variant frameworks with graph structure information outperformed several baseline methods without using graph structure information with a margin of 2.93%∼11.81%. We also investigated graphs in the pooling step to conduct interpretable analysis in population-based statistical and patient-specific aspects, respectively. With this inspection, we found long-distance word pairs that are distinct for MRSA positive patients and we also showed the pooled graph of the patient that contributes to the patient-specific prediction. Moreover, the Adaboost algorithm was used to improve the performance further. As a result, the framework proposed in this paper reached the highest performance of 85.70%, which is higher than the baseline methods with a margin of 3.71%∼12.59%.전자 건강 기록은 디지털 형태로 체계적으로 수집된 환자의 건강 정보다. 전자 건강 기록이 환자의 상태를 표현 하는 단어들로 구성된 문서의 집합이기때문에 자연어 처리 분야에 적용되는 다양한 기계학습적 방법들이 적용되어왔다. 특히, 딥러닝 기술의 발전으로 인해, 이미지나 텍스트 분야에서 활용 되던 딥러닝 기술 들이생명정보및의학정보분야에점차적용되고있다.하지만,기존의이미지나 텍스트데이터와는 다르게, 전자 건강 기록 데이터는 작성자 및 환자 개개인의 상태에 따라서, 데이터의 환자 특이성이 높다. 또한, 유사한 의미를 지니는 건강 기록들간의 상관관계를 고려해야 할 필요가있다. 본연구에서는 전자 건강 기록 데이터의 환자특이성을 고려한 그래프 기반 딥러닝 모델을 고안하였다. 환자의 전자 건강 기록 데이터와 의료 문서들의 공통 출현 빈도를 활용 하여 환자 특이적 그래프를 생성하였다. 이를 기반으로, 그래프 컨볼루션 네트워크를 사용하여 환자의 병리학적상태를예측하는모델을고안하였다. 연구에서 사용한 데이터는 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus(MRSA) 감염 여부를 측정한 데이터이다. 고안한 그래프기반 딥러닝 모델을 통해 환자의 내성을 예측한 결과, 그래프정보를 활용 하지 않은 기존모델들 보다 2.93%∼11.81% 뛰어난성능을보였다. 또한 해석 가능한 분석을 수행하기 위해 풀링 단계에서 그래프를 조사했다.이를 통해 MRSA 양성 환자에 대해 구별되는 장거리 단어패턴을 찾았으며 환자별 예측에 기여하는 환자의 합동 그래프를 보여 주었다. 성능을 더욱 향상시키기 위해 아다부스트 알고리즘을 사용하였다. 본 논문에서 제안된 결과는 85.70%로 가장 높은 성능을 기록했으며, 이는 기존 모델보다 3.71%∼12.59%의 향상 시켰음을 보여주었다.Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.1.1 EHR Clinical Text Data 1 1.1.2 Current methods and limitations 3 1.2 Problem Statement and Contributions 4 Chapter 2 Related Works 6 2.1 Traditional Methods 6 2.2 Deep Learning Methods 7 2.3 Graph Neural Networks 8 2.3.1 Graph Convolutional Networks 8 2.3.2 Graph Pooling Methods 9 2.3.3 Applications of GNN 10 Chapter 3 Methods and Materials 12 3.1 Notation and Problem Definition 12 3.2 Patient Graph Construction Process 14 3.2.1 Parsing and Filtering 15 3.2.2 Word Co-occurrence Finding 16 3.2.3 Patient-level Graph Representation 16 3.3 Word Embedding 17 3.4 Model Architecture 18 3.4.1 Graph Convolutional Network layer 19 3.4.2 Graph Pooling layer 22 3.4.3 Readout Layer 24 3.5 Prediction and Loss Function 25 3.6 Adaboost algorithm 25 Chapter 4 Experiments 27 4.1 EHR Dataset 27 4.1.1 Introduction to MIMIC-III Dataset 27 4.1.2 MRSA Data Collection 28 4.2 Hyper Parameter Settings 28 4.2.1 Model Training 29 4.3 Baseline Models 30 Chapter 5 Results 32 5.1 Performance Comparisons with baseline models 32 5.2 Performance Comparisons with graph networks 33 5.3 Interpretable analysis 34 5.4 Adaboost Result 38 Chapter 6 Conclusion 40 국문초록 49 감사의 글 50Maste

Factoring Polynomials and Groebner Bases

Factoring polynomials is a central problem in computational algebra and number theory and is a basic routine in most computer algebra systems (e.g. Maple, Mathematica, Magma, etc). It has been extensively studied in the last few decades by many mathematicians and computer scientists. The main approaches include Berlekamp\u27s method (1967) based on the kernel of Frobenius map, Niederreiter\u27s method (1993) via an ordinary differential equation, Zassenhaus\u27s modular approach (1969), Lenstra, Lenstra and Lovasz\u27s lattice reduction (1982), and Gao\u27s method via a partial differential equation (2003). These methods and their recent improvements due to van Hoeij (2002) and Lecerf et al (2006--2007) provide efficient algorithms that are widely used in practice today. This thesis studies two issues on polynomial factorization. One is to improve the efficiency of modular approach for factoring bivariate polynomials over finite fields. The usual modular approach first solves a modular linear equation (from Berlekamp\u27s equation or Niederreiter\u27s differential equation), then performs Hensel lifting of modular factors, and finally finds right combinations. An alternative method is presented in this thesis that performs Hensel lifting at the linear algebra stage instead of lifting modular factors. In this way, there is no need to find the right combinations of modular factors, and it finds instead the right linear space from which the irreducible factors can be computed via gcd. The main advantage of this method is that extra solutions can be eliminated at the early stage of computation, so improving on previous Hensel lifting methods. Another issue is about whether random numbers are essential in designing efficient algorithms for factoring polynomials. Although polynomials can be quickly factored by randomized polynomial time algorithms in practice, it is still an open problem whether there exists any deterministic polynomial time algorithm, even if generalized Riemann hypothesis (GRH) is assumed. The deterministic complexity of factoring polynomials is studied here from a different point of view that is more geometric and combinatorial in nature. Tools used include Gr\u27{o}bner basis structure theory and graphs, with connections to combinatorial designs. It is shown how to compute deterministically new Gr\u27{o}bner bases from given G\u27{o}bner bases when new polynomials are added, with running time polynomial in the degree of the original ideals. Also, a new upper bound is given on the number of ring extensions needed for finding proper factors, improving on previous results of Evdokimov (1994) and Ivanyos, Karpinski and Saxena (2008)

Design and optimisation of a type-C tank for liquid hydrogen marine transport

As one of the most promising renewable energy sources, hydrogen has the excellent environmental benefit of producing zero emissions. A key technical challenge in using hydrogen across sectors lies in its storage technology. The storage temperature of liquid hydrogen at atmospheric pressure is 20 K, or -253 °C, close to absolute zero, so the storage materials and the insulation layers are subjected to extremely stringent requirements regarding the cryogenic behaviour of the medium. In this context, this research proposed designing a large liquid hydrogen type-C tank, determining the material and thickness of the primary and secondary shells, and using Vapor-Cooled Shield (VCS) and Rigid Polyurethane Foams (RPF) as the insulation layer. A parametric study on the design of the insulation layer was carried out by establishing a thermodynamic model. The effects of VCS location on heat ingress to the liquid hydrogen transport tank and insulation temperature distribution when the VCS heat exchanger tubes were fed with self-evaporating hydrogen gas, forced evaporating hydrogen gas and liquid hydrogen, respectively, were investigated. Finally, research outcomes suggested two optimal design schemes, respectively, for reducing the thickness of the insulation when the heat transfer rate was fixed and reducing the heat transfer rate when the thickness of the insulation was fixed.As one of the most promising renewable energy sources, hydrogen has the excellent environmental benefit of producing zero emissions. A key technical challenge in using hydrogen across sectors lies in its storage technology. The storage temperature of liquid hydrogen at atmospheric pressure is 20 K, or -253 °C, close to absolute zero, so the storage materials and the insulation layers are subjected to extremely stringent requirements regarding the cryogenic behaviour of the medium. In this context, this research proposed designing a large liquid hydrogen type-C tank, determining the material and thickness of the primary and secondary shells, and using Vapor-Cooled Shield (VCS) and Rigid Polyurethane Foams (RPF) as the insulation layer. A parametric study on the design of the insulation layer was carried out by establishing a thermodynamic model. The effects of VCS location on heat ingress to the liquid hydrogen transport tank and insulation temperature distribution when the VCS heat exchanger tubes were fed with self-evaporating hydrogen gas, forced evaporating hydrogen gas and liquid hydrogen, respectively, were investigated. Finally, research outcomes suggested two optimal design schemes, respectively, for reducing the thickness of the insulation when the heat transfer rate was fixed and reducing the heat transfer rate when the thickness of the insulation was fixed

Tranquilizing Forgivable Feuds between Frank Chin and Maxine Hong Kingston to Establish the Group Identities of Chinese Americans

In the midst of seeking for the true cultural identification of entire Chinese Americans, imaginative discrepancies cropped up in the actual aesthetic and artistic production of Chinese American literature due to the inconsistent insistence of the cultural stances exemplified in the aesthetic and artistic articulation of the true cultural values and cultural virtues in the diverse and distinctive production of Chinese American literary works. Among those discrepancies between either two of various Chinese American writers, those between Frank Chin and Maxine Hong Kingston has stirred a great sensation in the forum of Chinese American literature because of the persistence of the former in positive protection of the masculinity of Chinese American men and the ongoing insistence of the latter on the negative promotion of it from the perspective of feminism without knowing in a very clear fashion that their inconsistence led to the strong feud between them and the harm it has done to the establishment of the cultural identity of Chinese Americans. Indebted to the insights carried in the group identities proposed by Henry Tajfel and John Turner (1979), this article will make a rational comparison between what they have sticked to in a respective fashion and come up with the point that the feud between them are forgivable and forgettable as what they have done is very valuable for the improvement of the true social, cultural, and, ethnic identities of Chinese Americans who are composed of both Chinese American men and Chinese American women to deal with the great danger into which all Chinese Americans have been thrown into due to the excessive popularization of the social, cultural, and, ethnic discrimination of the entire ethnic group of Chinese Americans in Chinese American community