Prosedur penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah pada akad mudharabah dalam rangka meminimalisir resiko di BMT Amanah Usaha Mulia Magelang

Permasalah kehidupan perekonomian yang sulit, membuat masyarakat berinisiatif untuk membuka usaha sendiri. Mereka membutuhkan suatu bantuan berupa dana untuk memperlancar usahanya, maka BMT Amanah Usaha Mulia Magelang ikut untuk mengembangkan produknya yaitu pembiayaan mudharabah sesuai perkembangan dunia perbankan dalam target peningkatan keuntungan dan menyejahterakan masyarakat. Dengan diberikanya pembiayaan tersebut, terkadang muncul adanya pembiayaan bermasalah dikarenakan ada beberapa faktor diantaranya ketidakmampuan anggota untuk membayar tepat waktu atau jatuh tempo pembayaran diakibatkan karena usaha anggota yang kurang lancar dan lain sebagaianya. Tugas Akhir ini berjudul “ Prosedur Penyelesaian Pembiayaan Bermasalah pada Akad Mudharabah Dalam Rangka Meminimalisir Risiko” Berdasarkan judul tersebut dapat diambil rumusan masalah yaitu apa penyebab terjadinya pembiayaan bermasalah pada BMT Amanah Usaha Mulia Magelang dan bagaimana prosedur penyelesaian pembiayaaan bermasalah pada akad mudharabah di BMT Amanah Usaha Mulia Magelang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dimana sumber data yang digunakan berasal dari data primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh melalui metode wawancara dengan manajer, bagian pembiayaan dan dokumentasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan secara sistematis dan akurat mengenai objek penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyebab terjadinya pembiayaan bermasalah yaitu faktor internal meliputi kurang telitinya petugas BMT dalam menganalisi data calon anggota, kurang disiplinya dalam penagihan dan eksternal meliputi karakter anggota yang kurang baik, usahanya bangkrut dan terjadinya bencana alam yang tidak terduga. Adapun prosesdur yang digunakan BMT Amanah Usaha Mulia dalam menyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah pada akad mudharabah dengan cara kekeluargaan atau musyawarah dengan anggota, penjadwalan kembali (rescheduling), persyaratan kembali (reconditioning), pengambilan jaminan (eksekusi), dan write off final. Di BMT Amanah Usaha Mulia dalam penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah jarang menngunakan jalur hukum, tetapi sering menggunakan cara kekeluargaan yang dianggap lebih efektif dan eksekusi jaminan apabila anggota tersebut sudah mengalami macet atau bermasalah

Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in Two-Dimensional Fe₂Si Nanosheet with Enhanced Spin-Polarization Ratio

Searching experimental feasible two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic crystals with large spin-polarization ratio, high Curie temperature and large magnetic anisotropic energy is one key to develop next-generation spintronic nanodevices. Here, 2D Fe₂Si nanosheet, one counterpart of Hapkeite mineral discovered in meteorite with novel magnetism is proposed on the basis of first-principles calculations. The 2D Fe₂Si crystal has a slightly buckled triangular lattice with planar hexacoordinated Si and Fe atoms. The spin-polarized calculations with hybrid HSE06 function method indicate that 2D Fe₂Si is a ferromagnetic half metal at its ground state with 100% spin-polarization ratio at Fermi energy level. The phonon spectrum calculation and ab initio molecular dynamic simulation shows that 2D Fe₂Si crystal has a high thermodynamic stability and its 2D lattice can be retained at the temperature up to 1200 K. Monte Carlo simulations based on the Ising model predict a Curie temperature over 780 K in 2D Fe₂Si crystal, which can be further tuned by applying a biaxial strain. Moreover, 2D structure and strong in-plane Fe–Fe interaction endow Fe₂Si nanosheet sizable magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy with the magnitude of at least two orders larger than those of Fe, Co and Ni bulks. These novel magnetic properties render the 2D Fe₂Si crystal a very promising material for developing practical spintronic nanodevice

New hepatoprotective isoflavone glucosides from <i>Pueraria lobata</i> (Willd.) Ohwi

<p>Two new isoflavone glucosides, 3′-methoxyneopuerarin A (<b>1</b>) and 3′-methoxyneopuerarin B (<b>2</b>), together with nine known isoflavones including puerarin (<b>3</b>), neopuerarin A (<b>4</b>), neopuerarin B (<b>5</b>), daidzin (<b>6</b>), daidzein (<b>7</b>), 3′-methoxypuerarin (PG-3) (<b>8</b>), puerarin xyloside (<b>9</b>), mirificin (<b>10</b>), 3′-hydroxypuerarin (<b>11</b>) were isolated from the water extraction of the dried roots of <i>Pueraria lobata</i> (Willd.) Ohwi. Their structures were elucidated by the means of spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis methods. All compounds were evaluated for their hepatoprotective activity on HepG2 cells. All of them showed statistically significant hepatoprotective effect.</p

Metabolic profiles of corydaline in rats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

<p>1.Corydaline, an isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from the rhizomes of <i>Corydalis yanhusuo</i>, exhibits anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-angiogenic, anti-allergic and gastric-emptying activities. In this study, a rapid and reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) method was developed and employed for the comprehensive study of the metabolites of corydaline in rats.</p> <p>2.Altogether, 43 metabolites were identified in the plasma (11), bile (9), urine (34) and feces (21) of rats after oral administration of corydaline at a dose of 4.5mg/kg.</p> <p>3.It was demonstrated that demethylation, hydroxylation, sulfation and glucuronidation were the major metabolic transformation pathways. Among these, two metabolites were identified as tetrahydropalmatine and isocorybulbine, and 33 phase I and phase II products were inferred to be new metabolites arising from the <i>in vivo</i> metabolism of corydaline.</p> <p>4.Importantly, this research provides scientific and reliable support for full understanding of the metabolic profiles of corydaline and the results could help to elucidate its safety and efficacy.</p

K₂Sr₄(PO₃)₁₀: A Polyphosphate with Deep-UV Cutoff Edge and Enlarged Birefringence

A new polyphosphate K2Sr4(PO3)10 is synthesized by a high-temperature solution method. This compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group of P1̅, consisting of the 1D infinite [PO3]∞ chains and K and Sr ions between the chains. Compared with AM2(PO3)5 (A = K, Rb, Cs; M = Ba, Pb), K2Sr4(PO3)10 exhibits a more complex [PO3]∞ chain structure and more diverse metal cationic coordination environment. More importantly, K2Sr4(PO3)10 has both a deep-UV cutoff edge (<200 nm) and a significantly enlarged birefringence. First-principles calculations indicate that the birefringence of K2Sr4(PO3)10 is 0.017 at 1064 nm, about 2 times that of RbBa2(PO3)5 (0.008 at 1064 nm), which reaches a new height among the reported mixed alkali metal and alkaline earth metal phosphate. Theoretical calculations and structural analyses show that the enlarged birefringence of K2Sr4(PO3)10 mainly originates from the [PO3]∞ chains arranged in an inverted zigzag. This discovery introduces a new strategy for devising novel phosphate deep-UV optical crystals with a large birefringence

C–N Axially Chiral Heterobiaryl Isoquinolinone Skeletons Construction via Cobalt-Catalyzed Atroposelective C–H Activation/Annulation

Herein, the atroposelective construction of isoquinolinones bearing a C–N chiral axis has been successfully developed via a Co-catalyzed C–H bond activation and annulation process. This conversion can be effectively carried out in an environmentally friendly oxygen atmosphere to generate the target C–N axially chiral frameworks with excellent reactivities and enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee) in the absence of any additives. Additionally, the current protocol has proved to be an alternative approach for the C–N axial architectures fabrication under electrochemical conditions for cobalt/Salox catalysis, and this strategy allowed the efficient and atom-economical synthesis of various axially chiral isoquinolinones under mild reaction conditions

Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction of Peripheral Functionalized Cobalt Porphyrins(2.1.2.1)

Two peripheral functionalized clamp-shaped cobalt porphyrin(2.1.2.1) complexes were synthesized, and their electrocatalytic ORR abilities were investigated. The crystal data and optical and redox properties of them were revised by peripheral modification. The ORR capacities and DFT calculations of F5PhCo and F5NCo suggest superior selectivity for the 4e– ORR pathway. This work further confirms the clamp-shaped cobalt porphyrin complexes are ideal Co–N4 ORR catalysts

Revealing the Underlying Mechanisms of How Sodium Chloride Affects Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production from the Cofermentation of Waste Activated Sludge and Food Waste

Recently, anaerobic cofermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS) and food waste for short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production has drawn growing attention. However, the details of how sodium chloride (NaCl) in food waste affects SCFA generation from the cofermentation remain largely unknown, which provides limited understanding of the cofermentation process. This work therefore aims to provide such support. Experimental results showed that the effect of NaCl on SCFA production was dosage dependent. With the increase of NaCl level from 0 to 8 g/L SCFA production increased from 367.6 to 638.5 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/g of volatile suspended solids (VSS). However, further increase of NaCl caused severe inhibition of SCFA production. The presence of NaCl not only accelerated the release of soluble substances from food waste and disruption of both extracellular polymers and cell envelopes in sludge but also promoted the conversion of protein released from the disintegration process, thereby causing more substrates for SCFA production. It was also found that low NaCl levels improved hydrolysis and acidification processes but inhibited methanogenesis while both acidification and methanogenesis processes were seriously inhibited by high NaCl levels. Further investigation with enzyme analysis showed that the activities of protease and α-glucosidase were in the order of high NaCl > low NaCl > blank while the activities of oxaloacetate transcarboxylase and CoA transferase were in the sequence of low NaCl > blank > high NaCl. However, the activity of coenzyme F420 decreased with increasing NaCl level. This work reveals the underlying mechanism of how NaCl affects SCFA production from the cofermentation process and might be of significance for the operation of the cofermentation system

The expression levels of IFN-β and IFN-responsive genes in NDV-infected A549 and DF1 cells.

<p>(A) The IFN-β protein levels in A549 cells stimulated by NDV were assayed by ELISA so as to determine its effect to IFN signaling. (B) The IFN-responsive genes IFIT1, ISG15, Mx1, and IFN-β were further quantified by Real-time PCR in V-deficient rZJ1-VS and <i>wt</i> ZJ-1-infected A549 cells. (C) IFN-responsive genes in rZJ1-VS or ZJ1 infected DF1 cells. Gene expression was compared between DF1 cells infected with rZJ1-VS and <i>wt</i> virus ZJ1 at a MOI 3. *Gene expressions were enhanced significantly in rZJ1-VS-infected cells than those in rZJ1-infected cells (P < 0.01). (D) The V protein expression levels in NDV-infected A549 and DF1 cells. The P and V protein were detected in WB assay at different time points post infection with NDV strain ZJ1.</p

Recovery of V-deficient recombinant NDV from an infectious clone.

<p>(A) Schematic representation of a V-deficient gene mutation in a full-length cDNA clone. To selectively block expression of V, modification was performed after the RNA-editing site of the full-length cDNA clone pTVT-ZJ1 to introduce a stop codon in the ORF with +1 frameshift. (B) Mutation in the genome of recovered rZJ1-VS was confirmed by sequencing. Total viral RNA was extracted and RT-PCR-amplified for sequencing. The genome of rZJ1-VS was identical to the <i>wt</i> ZJ1 except for AT for TA after the RNA editing-site. (C) Expression of V protein was examined in DF-1 cells infected with rZJ1-VS or ZJ1 at MOI 3. The V protein was undetectable in the rZJ1-VS infected cells; by contrast, ZJ1 expressed V protein in the infected cells at the same point. (D) Growth curves of rZJ1-VS and the <i>wt</i> ZJ1 in DF1 and Vero cells. Replication of rZJ1-VS was compared to ZJ1 in early infection. (E) Cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by rZJ1-VS or ZJ1 in DF1 cells infected with rZJ1-VS or ZJ1 at MOI 0.01.</p