The carbohydrate-insulin model does not explain the impact of varying dietary macronutrients on the body weight and adiposity of mice

Acknowledgments This study was funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Program (XDB13030100), the K.C. Wong Foundation, the 1000 Talents Program, and a Wolfson Merit Award to J.R.S. We thank those in the molecular energetics group in Beijing who contributed to handling the animals and the measurement of their food intake and body weight, including L. Li, B. Li, M. Li, G. Wang, X. Zhang, J. Li, C. Niu, E. Couper, A. Whittington-Davies, and M. Mazidi. Author contributions S.H. was involved in the initial experiment design, conducted experiment one, analyzed the data from experiments one and two, performed the IPA-related analysis, and co-wrote the manuscript. L.W. was involved in the sample collection for experiments one and two and conducted the RNA extractions and the RNA-seq. J.T. was involved in the sample and data collection for experiments one and two. D.Y. and Y.X. performed the initial data collection and glucose measurements for experiment two. Y.W. conducted the insulin measurements and was involved in the initial data collection for experiment two. A.D. was involved in the RNA-seq-related analysis. J.R.S. directed both projects, conceived and designed the experiments, contributed to the data analysis, and co-wrote the paper. All of the authors approved the final version prior to submission for publication.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Brown adipose tissue is the key depot for glucose clearance in microbiota depleted mice

Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (92057206), the KC Wong Education Foundation, as well as grants from the ‘1000 talents’ recruitment program, a PIFI professorial fellowship from CAS and a Wolfson merit professorship from the UK Royal Society, all to J.R.S. We are grateful to all the members of the Molecular Energetics Group for their support and discussion of the results. We would like to thank Peter Thomson and Marina Stamatiou for technical assistance with the DLW measurements.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Increased Variation in Body Weight and Food Intake Is Related to Increased Dietary Fat but Not Increased Carbohydrate or Protein in Mice

Funding This study was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFA0801900) to JS and the Postdoctoral Innovation Fund (2021) to YW. The original diet exposure experiment was funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Program (XDB13030100). JS was also supported during this work by a PIFI professorial fellowship from CAS and a Wolfson merit award from the UK Royal Society. CORRECTION article Front. Nutr., 21 October 2022 Sec. Nutrition and Metabolism https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1049766 Corrigendum: Increased variation in body weight and food intake is related to increased dietary fat but not increased carbohydrate or protein in micePeer reviewedPublisher PD

Microbiota Depletion Impairs Thermogenesis of Brown Adipose Tissue and Browning of White Adipose Tissue

This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB13030000) and Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC; 91649108), the Chinese Academy of Sciences-Novo Nordisk Foundation, as well as grants from the Chinese Academy of Sciences “1000 Talents” recruitment program and a “Great-Wall Professorship” from the Chinese Academy of Sciences-Novo Nordisk Foundation. J.R.S. was also supported by a Wolfson merit professorship from The UK Royal Society. We are grateful to all of the members of the Molecular Energetics Group for their support and discussion of the results. We would like to thank Dr. Jia and Dr. Sun from the Core Facility for Protein Research from the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences for flow cytometry, and Peter Thomson and Marina Samatiou for technical assistance with the DLW measurements.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Effects of dietary macronutrients and body composition on glucose homeostasis in mice

Funding This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Programs (XDA12030209 and XDB13030100), the 1000 Talents Program and a Wolfson Merit Award to J.R.SPeer reviewedPublisher PD

The hedonic overdrive model best explains high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice

Open Access via the Wiley Agreement National Key R&D Program of China. Grant Number: 2019YFA0801900 Chinese Academy of Sciences. Grant Number: XDB13030100 National Science Foundation of China. Grant Number: 92057206Peer reviewe

Effects of dietary macronutrients on the hepatic transcriptome and serum metabolome in mice

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The study was funded by National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFA0801900), National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (BX2021357), Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M693393) the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Program (XDB13030100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91649108), a PIFI professorial fellowship from CAS and a Wolfson merit award from the UK Royal Society (all to J.R.S unless stated).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

内モンゴル東部農村地域におけるモンゴル族男性の結婚難―出稼ぎ活動を手がかりに―

application/pdfIn this paper, based on the stories of people affected by the change in conditions around marriage in rural Eastern Inner Mongolia during their time working away from home, I examined how work-life away from home has made marriage more difficult for men. As a result, I found that before working away from home became prevalent, marriage areas in the observed regions were very small, and when people, including men, reached a certain age, they would be able to get married. When working away from one’s home first started to become more common, it was considered to be a transitional period for marriage. Men working away from their home would return to their village at the request of their parents. In contrast, while some women working away from their home returned home, others decided not to do so. Thus, in the region surveyed, the ratio of unmarried men to unmarried women became unbalanced. While men who do well financially are able to get married, those who do not do well financially are not. As working away from one’s home became increasingly more common, the ratio of unmarried men to unmarried women became increasingly more unbalanced. Furthermore, as the expectations of women toward their marriage partner rose, even when unmarried men overcame the hurdle of meeting a woman, there were many cases where men were unable to overcome the hurdle of getting married, falling into marriage difficulties

High dietary protein and fat contents exacerbate hepatic senescence and SASP in mice

Dietary choices have a profound impact on the aging process. In addition to the total amount of energy intake, macronutrient composition influences both health and lifespan. However, the exact mechanisms by which dietary macronutrients influence onset and progression of age-associated features remain poorly understood. Cellular senescence is a state of stable growth arrest characterized by the secretion of numerous bioactive molecules with pro-inflammatory properties. Accumulation of senescent cells is considered one of the basic mechanisms of aging and an important contributor to chronic inflammation and tissue degeneration. Whether dietary macronutrients affect the accumulation and the phenotype of senescent cells with age is still unknown. Here, we show that feeding on diets with varying ratios of dietary macronutrients for 3 months has a significant effect on different senescence-associated markers in the mouse liver. High protein intake is associated with higher expression levels of the two classical senescence-associated growth arrest genes, p21 and p16. Furthermore, the expression of many pro-inflammatory secretory markers was increased in diets enriched in protein and further enhanced by increases in fat content. These results provide preliminary evidence that dietary macronutrients have a significant influence on senescence markers and merit further investigation

<i>Drosophila S6 Kinase Like</i> Inhibits Neuromuscular Junction Growth by Downregulating the BMP Receptor Thickveins

<div><p>Synaptic connections must be precisely controlled to ensure proper neural circuit formation. In <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) promotes growth of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) by binding and activating the BMP ligand receptors wishful thinking (Wit) and thickveins (Tkv) expressed in motor neurons. We report here that an evolutionally conserved, previously uncharacterized member of the S6 kinase (S6K) family S6K like (S6KL) acts as a negative regulator of BMP signaling. <i>S6KL</i> null mutants were viable and fertile but exhibited more satellite boutons, fewer and larger synaptic vesicles, larger spontaneous miniature excitatory junctional potential (mEJP) amplitudes, and reduced synaptic endocytosis at the NMJ terminals. Reducing the gene dose by half of <i>tkv</i> in <i>S6KL</i> mutant background reversed the NMJ overgrowth phenotype. The NMJ phenotypes of <i>S6KL</i> mutants were accompanied by an elevated level of Tkv protein and phosphorylated Mad, an effector of the BMP signaling pathway, in the nervous system. In addition, Tkv physically interacted with S6KL in cultured S2 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of S6KL enhanced Tkv expression, while S6KL overexpression downregulated Tkv in cultured S2 cells. This latter effect was blocked by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Our results together demonstrate for the first time that S6KL regulates synaptic development and function by facilitating proteasomal degradation of the BMP receptor Tkv.</p></div