Opinions of High School Students involved in Violence

The aim of this research is to assess the opinions of students in a variety of high schools at different class levels who received disciplinary punishment for violence. The research comprised 35 boys and 10 girls, for a total of 45 students. The data for the research were obtained with semi-structured interviews. The results show that the students used violence due to insufficient anger control, insufficient problem solving skills, and problems with delayed gratification and peer support. Additionally, it was found that the academic success of the students was low, they were repeating classes, had absences from school and problems with their families. During students’ evaluation of the events for which they received disciplinary punishments, they stated that they would experience the same problems in similar situations or would quickly remove themselves from the scene as a solution. The guidance service, which is the school support service, helped; however this was insufficient and it was emphasized that management and teachers did not show sufficient interest. Additionally though some of the students were receiving medical treatment, it was observed that their problems continued. This situation was evaluated as showing that to solve the problem team work is necessary. In conclusion, in addition to medical evaluation of students for antagonism disorder and behavior disorder, it is proposed that projects with a holistic basis including family training, anger control studies, conflict resolution skills and peer mediation training supported by social services are necessary. Key Words: violence in school, aggressiveness, disciplinary punishmen

The Protective Effect of N-Acetylcysteine Amide Against Paraquat-Induced Neurotoxicity

N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) is a new antioxidant molecule with powerful radical scavenging properties. The aim of this study was to investigate neuroprotective effects of NACA against paraquat (PQ) toxicity in the midbrains of rats by using motor coordination tests and biochemical and histological analysis. Thirty adult Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: Group 1: control (n = 10), Group 2: PQ (10 mg/kg) (n = 10), and Group 3: PQ (10 mg/kg) + NACA (100 mg/kg) (n = 10). NACA was administrated intraperitoneally 30 min before PQ injection. Performance was measured for a period of 28 days. The rotarod and accelerod tests were performed prior to and after the experimental period. After the experimental period, rats were sacrificed and midbrain tissues were removed. According to biochemical data, malondialdehyde levels exhibited a significant increase (P \u3c 0.05) when the PQ group was compared to the control group, whereas the NACA-treated group showed a significant decline (P \u3c 0.05). The total glutathione levels (P \u3c 0.01) and the glutathione peroxidase and butyrylcholinesterase activities (P \u3c 0.05) in the NACA treatment group were significantly raised compared with the PQ group. The main finding in the rotarod and accelerod tests was that the PQ+NACA group had improved motor coordination functions, whereas the PQ group had lost motor coordination (P \u3c 0.05). Our histological data were also outstanding and were consistent with biochemical and motor coordination results in terms of the protective role of NACA against PQ-induced neurotoxicity

Mean platelet volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio decrease in patients with depression with antidepressant treatment

Objective: Not only white blood cells but also platelets are being considered in inflammatory reactions from now on. Mean platelet volume (MPV) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have been shown to change in inflammatory diseases like myocardial infarction, stroke and implicated in psychiatric disorders nowadays. Our first aim is to investigate the relation of MPV and NLR with depression and secondly to assess if they change with the treatment of depression. Methods: Forty-nine patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) and hospitalized in a university hospital psychiatry inpatient unit retrospectively included in the study. Control group consisted of 48 hospital workers with no known disease. Complete blood count, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) scores at admission and at discharge were noted and compared for the patient group. Discussion: MPV of depressed patients was higher than controls. When we look at admission and discharge scores of clinical scales, decrement is statistically significant for both HAM-D and CGI-S. There was decline both in MPV and NLR which were both statistically significant. Conclusion: Decreasing MPV and NLR values with the treatment of depression confirm the involvement of inflammatory processes in the pathophysiology of depression

“The Lolelaplap (Marshall Islands) in Us: Sailing West to East (Ralik→Ratak) to These Our Atolls (Aelon Kein Ad) Ad Jolet Jen Anij (Our Blessed Inheritance from God)”

This paper discusses the expansion of Oceania through a Marshallese indigenous lens as a focal point. It explains that decolonizing methodologies allows reclaiming of space for mental liberation and reassurement of constitutional rights. It highlights similar occurrences of decolonization practices meeting resistance in the 21st century all while strengthening the human right argument that no human deserves any less than their fellow human brothers and sisters. It argues that an indigenous imagery can only be viewed through an indigenous lens where the researches’ level of purity is retained and unfiltered. It nevertheless argues that Marshallese ethnolinguistics reveal the same cultural practices in America, Judeo-Christianity, and Oceania thus dictating the reality that “we are the same not withstanding one stays here and one there (Bedbedjin Bedbedjen, Bedbedjinma wot Kwe)”. It further explains the importance in these similarities and how Marshallese spirituality predates introduced American Judeo-Christianity despite the latter attempting to marginalize the former. It concludes by stating that Marshallese contributions on the global stage are rooted in that culture of love (IaKwe) which is echoed by the custom(s) revealing the significance of Marshallese validation academically, spiritually, economically, & socially to prevent institutionalized discrimination. This paper ends stating that the agency to know one’s self and how one should fit in the world, is a human right in itself and Marshallese are entitled to this sense of self worth through knowing thy self by thy self where real thinking takes place in one’s own mind as we all live our own lives

The Investigation of the Antioxidative Properties of the Synthetic Organoselenium Compounds in Liver Tissue of Rat with Histological and Biochemical Analyses

Background: Oxidative stress is described as the formation of toxic effect due to the deficiency of cellular antioxidative level toward the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The excess production of ROS or the decrease in the antioxidative defense system could be the cause for oxidative stress. 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) that is known to be the major cause the increment in lipid peroxidation level and the oxidative damage in the rat liver. As a fundamental trace elements, selenium as a part of anti-oxidative defense system is responsible for the immune system as part of enzymes in defense system. Methods: Organoselenium compounds [1-isopropyl-3- methylbenzimidazole-2-selenone (Se I ) and 1, 3-di-pmethoxybenzylpyrimidine- 2-selenone (Se II)] that were prepared in the laboratories. The effects of synthetic organoselenium compounds (Se I and Se II) against DMBA-induced changes in levels of some [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities and total glutathione (GSH), malonedialdehyde (MDA)] parameters in rat liver were investigated. Histopathological changes in the liver tissues of rats were examined by light microscopy. Results: Because the selenium has an anti-oxidative properties toward the damaged induced cells, organoselenium compounds prepared in our laboratories, Se I and Se II, have tested for chemically induced rat liver tissues. The results showed that endogen antioxidant enzymatic activities changes and the preventing of oxidative damage in lipid peroxidation are important findings in vivo of this research. Conclusion: Various changes were observed in liver tissue of rats in the all experimental groups

Investigation of antidepressant -like effect of pari-flo product on forced swiming test in balb-c mice

Pari-flo is a commercial preparation in the form of a solution containing standardized Passiflora incarnata plant extract. We hypothesized that Pari-flo may have antidepressant potential with its content. Therefore, the aim of this study was investigation of the antidepressant-like effect of Pari-flo product comparing with imipramine based on Forced Swimming Test (FST) in Balb-c Mice. Forty-two male Balb-c mice were divided into 6 equal groups as follows: group 1 (control) were fed with normal rat chow and tap water, groups (2, 3, 4 and 5) were given 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day dose Pari-flo respectively, group (6) were given 15 mg/kg/day dose imipramine. After 7 days of treatment, the FST was carried out. Pari-flo significantly reduced the immmobility time while increased the climbing time in FST at the dose of 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day. At the 1000 mg/kg/day dose of Pari-flo was increased the swimming time in FST. Imipramine was also increased the swimming and climbing time, while reduced the immobility time. Based on FST test results, it is concluded that Pari-flo product has antidepressant-like activity comparable to those of imipramine in experimental animal models. [Med-Science 2019; 8(2.000): 436-9

Regenerative effects of some antioxidants after liver resection

In this mini review; Our aim is to draw attention to the regenerative effects of some natural or unnatural antioxidants (as beta carotene, silymarin, resveratrol and quercetin; as lactulose, bicyclol) after liver resection and to explain the mechanisms of these effects. Here, the pathophysiology or surgical procedure of liver resection, issues such as the rate of resection, its necessity and how to decide are not included in our subject. [Med-Science 2022; 11(1.000): 439-42