A new seed-borne pathogen on tomato: Erwinia carotovora subsp carotovora and some seed treatments

3rd Balkan Symposium on Vegetables and Potatoes -- SEP 06-10, 2006 -- Bursa, TURKEYWOS: 000245943000075Stem rot diseases of tomato, caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, is a serious problem in greenhouses in Turkey. Pathogen causes wilting of the whole tomato plants, water-soaking areas on stem, browning of vascular tissue, hollowing of pith, and soft rotting stem and fruits. The symptom development starts from root or crown region of seedlings in greenhouses. The primary inoculums of the disease on tomato need to be studied to develop effective control strategies in tomato growing areas. In the study, transmission of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora by tomato seeds was investigated. The pathogen isolated tomato seeds, obtained from naturally diseased fruits. Additionally, when tomato seeds artificially inoculated by E. carotovora subsp. carotovora were grown in sterile soil under mist, the germinated seedlings had leaf lesions, irregular black-brown spots and no halo. The diseases incidence was 12%. Our results showed that the disease could be seed-borne. Effect of some physical and chemical seed treatments on E. carotovora subsp. carotovora was investigated in vitro studies. These treatments were found as effective between 40 and 100 ratios. It was evaluated that surface sterilization of the seed with sodium hypochlorite (1% for 3 minutes). The treatment also indicated that E. carotovora subsp. carotovora located on surface of the seed.Uludag Univ, Fac Agr, Sci & Technol Res Council Turkey, Turkish Soc Hort Sci, Int Soc Hort Sci, Nilufer Municipal Bursa, Iznik Municipal Bursa, MAY Seed Grp, AGROMAR Seed Co, Bursali Havlu, Ahmet Ta

Present status of bacterial stem rot on tomato in Turkey

Stem rot disease of tomato, caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and E. chrysanthemi, was detected for the first time in greenhouses in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey in 1994. Since 1999, serious outbreaks of the disease have occurred in many tomato greenhouses located in the Mediterranean and Aegean regions of Turkey. Therefore, a survey was conducted to study distribution of the disease in commercial greenhouses in Turkey. In 2003, incidence of the disease was more than 25% in Mediterranean and Aegean regions of Turkey. Recently, this disease is known to be one of the most destructive diseases of tomato in Turkey. Strains of soft rot erwinias were isolated and identified on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical tests and fatty acid methyl ester analysis. The findings of over-summer studies demonstrated that soft rot erwinias were able to survive in infested plant debris and on/in seeds of tomato, which may be the primary inoculum sources of stem rot disease on tomato

Occurrence, isolation, and identification of Acidovorax citrulli from melon in Turkey

During February and August of 2010 and 2011, disease symptoms were detected in melon (Cucumis melo cv. Surmeli) fields and commercial nurseries in Adana and Mersin provinces (Eastern Mediterranean Region, Turkey). Lesions on leaves and fruits were observed in nearly 75 and 85 acres production areas of melon in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Initial symptoms were water-soaked irregular spots, light brown to reddish spots advancing through veins on leaves, small water-soaked lesions, greasy, dark olive green colour areas on the surfaces of melon fruit followed by brown lesions, softening, and cracks. Thirty-five non-fluorescent, slow-growing, round, cream and Gram-negative bacterial isolates were isolated from symptomatic plant materials. The pathogenicity of the isolates was proved using melon seedlings and fruits. According to classical, serological, and molecular assays, the causal organism was identified as Acidovorax citrulli. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report and occurrence of bacterial fruit blotch disease on melon as a new host in Turkey. © 2014, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences. All rights reserved

Identification and disease incidence of bacterial canker on stone fruits in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Turkey

In recent years, stone fruit plantations have been widely increased in the eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. In 2012, bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae were first observed in the region. In 2014 among February to May, stone fruit orchards in Adana, Mersin and Hatay provinces were surveyed in order to determine the disease incidence. From 68 individual orchards, 25, 8 and 35 stone fruit orchards were surveyed in Adana, Mersin and Hatay provinces, respectively. No disease symptoms were observed in Adana and Mersin orchards. Despite that the occurrence of bacterial canker was determined in Hatay county in three individual apricot ('Ninfa') and one plum growing orchard. Disease incidence approached 20, 25 and 30% in three apricot orchards and 5% in plum orchard. Black, sunken lesions on apricot and plum fruits, chlorosis and necrotic lesions on leaf tissue were observed on symptomatic plants. Due to isolations from symptomatic fruits, 15 and 5 putative strains from apricot and plum, respectively, were isolated. All strains were identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae by pathogenicity (immature peach and lemon fruits), LOPAT (Group Ia) and GATTa tests. In this study, the disease incidence of bacterial canker on apricot and plum trees and the occurrence of the disease on plum were first determined in the eastern Mediterranean region. Disease reactions on apricot ('Ninfa', 'Magador' and 'Colorado') and plum ('Black Diamond', 'Black Amber' and 'Black Beauty') cultivars growing in the region is still running

An outbreak of bacterial stem rot of Dieffenbachia amoena caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp carotovora in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey.

WOS: 000220313700019PubMed ID: 30812370

Watermelon as a new host of Pseudomonas viridiflava, causal agent of leaf and stem necrosis, discovered in Turkey.

WOS: 000222702400029PubMed ID: 30812531

Occurrence and primer inoculum sources of bacterial stem rot caused by Erwinia Species on tomato in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey

Bacterial stem rot caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Ecc) and E. chrysanthemi (Ech) was observed in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. The pathogens cause wilting of the whole plant, water-soaking areas on the stem, hollowing of the pith, browning of the vascular tissue and maceration in stem and fruits in plastic-covered greenhouses. Based on external disease symptoms, the prevalence of the disease ranged from 13 and 24 % in 1999 and 2000, respectively. Incidences of the disease were 12 and 20 % in 1999 and 2000 in the commercial greenhouses surveyed in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. This is the first report of Erwinia species causing stem rot on tomato in Turkey. Primary inoculum sources of the disease were investigated with rifampicin-resistant strains in/on plant debris and seeds. Soft rot Erwinias were recovered from plant debris in summer period in the region for 2 years. The pathogenic bacteria were able to survive on the dried seeds for at least 7 months, but not more than 11 months. Tomato seedlings from naturally contaminated seeds grown in sterile soil under mist had leaf lesions, irregular, black-brown spots, no halo. This is the first study showing that both soft rot Erwinias were able to survive in/on the diseased tomato plant debris and tomato seeds, which may be potential primary inoculum of the disease. A polyclonal antiserum (ME-OZ) has been developed in the present study, and successfully used in indirect ELISA for rapid diagnosis of stem rot disease on tomato. Furthermore, our data confirmed FAME analysis is a rapid and reliable method for identification and differentiation of Ecc and Ech strains isolated from soft rot samples of tomato. © Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co., Stuttgart

First outbreak and occurrence of citrus blast disease, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, on orange and mandarin trees in Turkey

[No abstract available

Comparison of clinical and surgical-pathologic staging of the patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma

Objective: Clinical staging of non-small cell lung cancer helps to determine the extent of disease and separate patients with potentially resectable disease from those that are unresectable. Since, clinical staging is based on radiologic and bronchoscopic findings, overstaging or understaging may occur comparing to the final surgical-pathologic evaluation. We aimed to analyze preoperative and postoperative stagings in order to evaluate stage migrations and our surgical strategy for marginally resectable patients. Methods: We did a retrospective analysis of 180 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent resectional surgery between 1994 and 2000. In all patients, a thoracic computerized tomography and bronchoscopy were performed to define clinical staging (cTNM). Results: In 86 patients (47.7%) clinical and surgical-pathologic staging concurred. When comparing T subsets alone, correct staging, overstaging and understaging occurred in 133 (73.9%), 28 (15.5%), 47 (26.1%) patients, respectively. Only 13 of 21 patients (61.9%) who were thought to have T4 tumor preoperatively were found to have pT4. Also six patients with cT2 and five patients with cT3 were subsequently found to have T4 disease according to pathology. Clinical staging overestimated the nodal staging in 35 patients (19.4%), while underestimated the lymph node involvement in 45 patients (25%). Conclusion: Construction of cTNM stage remains a crude evaluation, preoperative mediastinoscopy in every patient must be performed. Preoperative limited T4 disease is not to deny surgery to patients since a considerable number of patients with cT4 are to be understaged following surgery. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved