A swot analysis to raise awareness about cyber security and proper use of social media: Istanbul sample

Internet is a cyber-ambient where the number of users is increasing consistently as a result of wide opportunities those are provided and where access can be ensured with information technologies. Today, via internet and social media where the number of users reaches billions, the samples of committed cybercrimes and cyber-attacks are increasing throughout the world. For this reason, it is inevitable to raise awareness in the society about cyber security and social media use. Raising awareness also can be done by providing education for all sections of the society. It is aimed to bring the expert person who has knowledge and experiences to provide support about creating substructure of education about both cyber security and using social media, by considering potential of institution and organization, and these sharers hosted by Istanbul Provincial Directorate of National Education and it is aimed to make cooperations. In line with this aim, Cyber Security and Proper Use of Social Media Workshop was realized in Istanbul on 17-18 February 2018. In discussions made within the scope of the workshop, the participants made SWOT analyses on behalf of using social media properly and to raise awareness for cyber security. In that study, information will be given about these analyses performed for Istanbul province. Keywords: Cyber security; social media; awareness; swot analysi

Brain reserve contributes to distinguishing preclinical Alzheimer's stages 1 and 2

BackgroundIn preclinical Alzheimer's disease, it is unclear why some individuals with amyloid pathologic change are asymptomatic (stage 1), whereas others experience subjective cognitive decline (SCD, stage 2). Here, we examined the association of stage 1 vs. stage 2 with structural brain reserve in memory-related brain regions.MethodsWe tested whether the volumes of hippocampal subfields and parahippocampal regions were larger in individuals at stage 1 compared to asymptomatic amyloid-negative older adults (healthy controls, HCs). We also tested whether individuals with stage 2 would show the opposite pattern, namely smaller brain volumes than in amyloid-negative individuals with SCD. Participants with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker data and bilateral volumetric MRI data from the observational, multi-centric DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE) study were included. The sample comprised 95 amyloid-negative and 26 amyloid-positive asymptomatic participants as well as 104 amyloid-negative and 47 amyloid-positive individuals with SCD. Volumes were based on high-resolution T2-weighted images and automatic segmentation with manual correction according to a recently established high-resolution segmentation protocol.ResultsIn asymptomatic individuals, brain volumes of hippocampal subfields and of the parahippocampal cortex were numerically larger in stage 1 compared to HCs, whereas the opposite was the case in individuals with SCD. MANOVAs with volumes as dependent data and age, sex, years of education, and DELCODE site as covariates showed a significant interaction between diagnosis (asymptomatic versus SCD) and amyloid status (Ass42/40 negative versus positive) for hippocampal subfields. Post hoc paired comparisons taking into account the same covariates showed that dentate gyrus and CA1 volumes in SCD were significantly smaller in amyloid-positive than negative individuals. In contrast, CA1 volumes were significantly (p = 0.014) larger in stage 1 compared with HCs.ConclusionsThese data indicate that HCs and stages 1 and 2 do not correspond to linear brain volume reduction. Instead, stage 1 is associated with larger than expected volumes of hippocampal subfields in the face of amyloid pathology. This indicates a brain reserve mechanism in stage 1 that enables individuals with amyloid pathologic change to be cognitively normal and asymptomatic without subjective cognitive decline

A Practical Tool for the Detection of Limbic-type-memory Deficit: 5-Word-Test

Objective The 5-Word-Test (5WT) is a quick and practical verbal memory assessment tool that was developed by Dubois et al. The objective of this study was to establish the validity and reliability of its Turkish version with the purpose of acquiring a practical memory testing instrument that would discriminate the stages of the normal aging - mild cognitive impairment (MCI) - early Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD) continuum with high sensitivity and specificity

Who is the bigger stigmatizor?: The loved one or the society

Objective: Epilepsy has long been considered by the society as a dangerous and frightening spiritual possession or even a contagious disease. This results in an unavoidable embarrassment for both the patient and the family leading to social isolation, seclusion, and secretiveness about the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine the stigmatizing level of the general Turkish population and to compare these results with the stigmatizing level of the patients' relatives group (PRG)

A Practical Tool for the Detection of Limbic-type-memory Deficit: 5-Word-Test

Objective The 5-Word-Test (5WT) is a quick and practical verbal memory assessment tool that was developed by Dubois et al. The objective of this study was to establish the validity and reliability of its Turkish version with the purpose of acquiring a practical memory testing instrument that would discriminate the stages of the normal aging - mild cognitive impairment (MCI) - early Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD) continuum with high sensitivity and specificity

Multi-modal Brain Tensor Factorization: Preliminary Results with AD Patients

Global brain network parameters suffer from low classification performance and fail to provide an insight into the neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, the variability in connectivity definitions poses a challenge. We propose to represent multi-modal brain networks over a population with a single 4D brain tensor (B) and factorize B to get a lower dimensional representation per case and per modality. We used 7 known functional networks as the canonical network space to get a 7D representation. In a preliminary study over a group of 20 cases, we assessed this representation for classification. We used 6 different connectivity definitions (modalities). Linear discriminant analysis results in 90-95% accuracy in binary classification. The assessment of the canonical coordinates reveals Salience subnetwork to be the most powerful in classification consistently over all connectivity definitions. The method can be extended to include functional networks and further be used to search for discriminating subnetworks

Development and validation of the stigma scale for epilepsy in Turkey

Objective: Epilepsy is a chronic disease with an increased risk of stigma. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a scale developed by the authors to determine the level of stigma in Turkish patients with epilepsy and their relatives

Mild Encephalitis/Encephalopathy with a Reversible Lesion in The Splenium

Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible lesion in the splenium (MERS) is a clinico-radiological syndrome with mild central nervous system symptoms and a reversible lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is mainly associated with a number of viral and bacterial infections, including Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this paper, we report four MERS patients. One had a mumps infection, the second had aseptic meningitis, the third had Marchiafava-Bignami disease, and the fourth had atypical pneumonia associated with COVID-19 infection