Thermodynamic and kinetic study of CO2 adsorption/desorptionon amine-functionalized sorbents

473-482The thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of CO2 adsorption of SBA-16 loaded with pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) have been investigated using adsorption column system. The Langmuir isotherm model fitts the CO2 adsorption isotherms well, and the average isosteric heat of adsorption is 59.6 kJ/mol, indicating that the CO2 adsorption on PEHA-loaded SBA-16 is chemisorption. The Avrami fractional dynamics model is very suitable for illustrating the adsorption behaviour of CO2 adsorption, and the results of kinetic analysis show that increasing the partial pressure of CO2 or the working temperature is beneficial to the adsorption of CO2. Three desorption methods were evaluatedto achieve the optimal desorption method. The results show that VTSA and steam stripping method are effective methods for industrial CO2 desorption. Steam stripping may be more suitable for plants that already have low-cost steam. The activation energy Ea of CO2 adsorption/desorption is calculated using Arrhenius equation. The activation energy Ea of CO2 adsorption/desorption was calculated using the Arrhenius equation. The results show that the absolute value of Ea (adsorption) decreases with the increase of CO2 partial pressure. In addition, the Ea value of vacuum rotary regeneration method and steam stripping method is smaller than the Ea value of temperature swing regeneration

Bio-oil based biorefinery strategy for the production of succinic acid

Background: Succinic acid is one of the key platform chemicals which can be produced via biotechnology process instead of petrochemical process. Biomass derived bio-oil have been investigated intensively as an alternative of diesel and gasoline fuels. Bio-oil could be fractionized into organic phase and aqueous phase parts. The organic phase bio-oil can be easily upgraded to transport fuel. The aqueous phase bio-oil (AP-bio-oil) is of low value. There is no report for its usage or upgrading via biological methods. In this paper, the use of AP-bio-oil for the production of succinic acid was investigated

Efficacy of pegylated interferon α-2b plus entecavir therapy and predictors of treatment success in children with chronic hepatitis B

IntroductionInterferon therapy, used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), is one of the means by which patients can achieve a functional cure. Pegylated interferon is currently used in the treatment of CHB. There are two main types of pegylated interferon: α-2b and α-2a.MethodsThis study explored the efficacy, safety, and predictors of treatment response for α-2b plus entecavir among children in a real-world setting.ResultsThe study included 76 patients aged 3–18 years, all of whom were treated with interferon α-2b plus entecavir. The mean duration of treatment was 401.99 days, and 31.6% (24/76) of patients achieved HBsAg clearance. Competing risk model analyses showed that children with baseline HBsAg <1500 IU/mL (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR]=2.643, P=0.022) and a higher baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (sHR=1.005, P=0.000) had a higher probability of achieving HBsAg clearance during treatment. Conversely, children with a higher hepatitis B virus loading level (sHR=0.835, P=0.043) and age ≥10 years (sHR=0.243, P=0.002) had a lower probability of achieving HBsAg clearance during treatment. A decrease of >1 log10 in HBsAg level (sHR=3.479, P=0.001) at 12 weeks of treatment was associated with a higher probability of achieving surface antigen clearance.DiscussionThese results indicated that interferon plus entecavir therapy is a promising means of achieving HBsAg clearance in children with CHB. Moreover, HBsAg, ALT, virus loading, and age are indicators of treatment success probability

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) related to the Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 among Chinese General Population: a Telephone Survey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>China is at greatest risk of the Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 due to its huge population and high residential density. The unclear comprehension and negative attitudes towards the emerging infectious disease among general population may lead to unnecessary worry and even panic. The objective of this study was to investigate the Chinese public response to H1N1 pandemic and provide baseline data to develop public education campaigns in response to future outbreaks.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A close-ended questionnaire developed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention was applied to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 among 10,669 responders recruited from seven urban and two rural areas of China sampled by using the probability proportional to size (PPS) method.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>30.0% respondents were not clear whether food spread H1N1 virusand. 65.7% reported that the pandemic had no impact on their life. The immunization rates of the seasonal flu and H1N1vaccine were 7.5% and 10.8%, respectively. Farmers and those with lower education level were less likely to know the main transmission route (cough or talk face to face). Female and those with college and above education had higher perception of risk and more compliance with preventive behaviors. Relationships between knowledge and risk perception (OR = 1.69; 95%CI 1.54-1.86), and knowledge and practices (OR = 1.57; 95%CI 1.42-1.73) were found among the study subjects. With regard to the behavior of taking up A/H1N1 vaccination, there are several related factors found in the current study population, including the perception of life disturbed (OR = 1.29; 95%CI 1.11-1.50), the safety of A/H1N1 vaccine (OR = 0.07; 95%CI 0.04-0.11), the knowledge of free vaccination policy (OR = 7.20; 95%CI 5.91-8.78), the state's priority vaccination strategy(OR = 1.33; 95%CI 1.08-1.64), and taking up seasonal influenza vaccine behavior (OR = 4.69; 95%CI 3.53-6.23).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This A/H1N1 epidemic has not caused public panic yet, but the knowledge of A/H1N1 in residents is not optimistic. Public education campaign may take the side effects of vaccine and the knowledge about the state's vaccination strategy into account.</p

Determinants of the Incidence of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in China Using Geographically Weighted Regression Models

Child population density and climate factors are potential determinants of the HFMD incidence in most areas in China. The strength and direction of association between these factors and the incidence of HFDM is spatially heterogeneous at the local geographic level, and child population density has a greater influence on the incidence of HFMD than the climate factors

Analysis and Forecasting of Population Mortality and Life Lost Trend due to Lung Cancer among Xiamen Residents

Background and objective In recent years, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer is rising. It has become the leading cause of death of malignant tumors in China. The aim of this study is to explore the trend of mortality and years of life lost due to lung cancer in residents in Xiamen, so as to provide the basis data on preventing lung cancer in Xiamen. Methods The data of residents in Xiamen dying of lung cancer from 2005 to 2014 was collected and cleared up to calculate the evaluation indexes including the mortality rate, the average potential life lost (AYLL), and the average percentage change (APC) of mortality rate. GM(1,1) model was used to predict the future mortality and AYLL. Results From 2005 to 2014, the average mortality rate of lung cancer in residents in Xiamen was 28.58 per 100,000 persons, of which in male was 2.90 times as that in female. The APC was 4.86%. The AYLL, which was 7.8 years, had decline trend from 2005 to 2014. The mean absolute percentage errors between observed values and fitted values were 2.16%-8.83%. The mortality rate and AYLL of lung cancer in residents in Xiamen would increase from 2015 to 2019. Conclusion The mortality of lung cancer increased year by year in Xiamen. There are both increasing trend of mortality and years of life lost in future. So we should pay more attentions on preventing and curing of lung cancer

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Radiotherapy with 3D-CRT, IMRT, VMAT and PT for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis

Background: This study aimed to assess the relative efficacy of modern radiotherapy strategies in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Method: A comprehensive literature review was conducted through MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials of studies focused on newly diagnosed glioblastoma published up to and counting 15 September 2022. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative nonrandomized studies (NRSs) of radiotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Eligible studies included patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy or proton therapy reporting either overall survival, progression-free survival or both. The impact of different radiotherapy modalities on survival was evaluated by direct comparisons of indirect evidence and estimated hazard ratios in terms of a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Results: A total of six RCTs or NRSs comprising 816 glioblastoma patients with modern radiotherapy strategies were reviewed, yielding improved overall survival by proton therapy over all other regimens. The network meta-analysis also indicated a significant advantage of proton therapy compared with other radiotherapy strategies in regard to progression-free survival. Conclusion: Our findings suggested PT as a standard RT regime with possibly superior survival outcomes for selected patients with GBM

Yard Crane Rescheduling under the Influence of Random Fault

In the operation of the imported container area of the container yard, the fault of the yard crane often occurs, and the fault is random and unpredictable, which greatly affects the operational efficiency of the container yard. To improve the operation efficiency of the container yard, this paper studies the rescheduling optimization problem of the multi-container area and multi-yard crane when random faults occur in container lifting operations in the container import area. Considering the different impacts of different fault conditions on the container yard operation, the fault impact judgment mechanism is established. The waiting time of external container trucks and customer satisfaction is considered for yard crane rescheduling. Yard crane rescheduling model after the fault is constructed, aiming at the minimum deviation from the original scheduling scheme. And the AEA (annealing evolution algorithm) algorithm is used to solve it. The effectiveness of magic and the specificity of the algorithm are verified by the analysis of numerical examples in different scales. The research data of Dalian Port is used to carry out experiments, and the experimental analysis of examples in different scales verifies the effectiveness of the model and the scientific nature of the algorithm. Compared with the existing scheme, this scheme is more practical, which can not only give the treatment scheme immediately when the fault occurs but also effectively improve the working efficiency of the container yard and provide a reference for the port to enhance customer satisfaction

High-Performance Microwave Photonic Transmission Enabled by an Adapter for Fundamental Mode in MMFs

Microwave photonic links (MPLs) have long been considered as an excellent way for radio frequency (RF) transmission due to their advantages such as light weight, high bandwidth, low cost and large spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR). However, the effective mode-field area (Aeff) of the single-mode fiber (SMF) used in the traditional MPL is not large, so the MPL based on SMF have relatively strong nonlinearity, which limits the processing power of SMFs to a level of few milliwatts. Few-mode fibers (FMFs) have been applied in MPL as an alternative due to the larger Aeff, and photonic lanterns are used simultaneously to excite the high-order mode of FMFs for RF signal transmission. However, the photonic lantern could bring additional insertion loss, and the production cost of FMFs is high, so we propose an MPL based on multimode fibers (MMFs) with mode field adapters (MFAs). Since MMFs have larger Aeff, the nonlinearity of the link can be greatly reduced. And matched MFAs realized by reverse tapering, to excite only the fundamental mode in MMFs to reduce the crosstalk, which are very stable. As a result, the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold and SFDR are improved by 5 dB and 14.5 dB, respectively