Cluster-aware Semi-supervised Learning: Relational Knowledge Distillation Provably Learns Clustering

Despite the empirical success and practical significance of (relational) knowledge distillation that matches (the relations of) features between teacher and student models, the corresponding theoretical interpretations remain limited for various knowledge distillation paradigms. In this work, we take an initial step toward a theoretical understanding of relational knowledge distillation (RKD), with a focus on semi-supervised classification problems. We start by casting RKD as spectral clustering on a population-induced graph unveiled by a teacher model. Via a notion of clustering error that quantifies the discrepancy between the predicted and ground truth clusterings, we illustrate that RKD over the population provably leads to low clustering error. Moreover, we provide a sample complexity bound for RKD with limited unlabeled samples. For semi-supervised learning, we further demonstrate the label efficiency of RKD through a general framework of cluster-aware semi-supervised learning that assumes low clustering errors. Finally, by unifying data augmentation consistency regularization into this cluster-aware framework, we show that despite the common effect of learning accurate clusterings, RKD facilitates a "global" perspective through spectral clustering, whereas consistency regularization focuses on a "local" perspective via expansion

Magnetoplasmon-surface phonon polaritons coupling effects in radiative heat transfer

In this letter, based on the quantum Hall regime of magneto-optical graphene, we have theoretically investigated the coupling of magnetoplasmon polaritons (MPP) to surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) by investigating the radiative heat transfer between two graphene-coated SiO2 slabs. By applying an external magnetic field, the separated branches of intraband and interband MPP can both couple with SPhPs to form tunable modes, which remould the energy transport of the system. The heat transfer mechanism is completely changed from enhancement to attenuation due to the strong coupling, and the thermal stealthy is realized for the graphene. The letter has great significance for the graphene-based magneto-optical devices.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Discover Important Paths in the Knowledge Graph Based on Dynamic Relation Confidence

Most of the existing knowledge graphs are not usually complete and can be complemented by some reasoning algorithms. The reasoning method based on path features is widely used in the field of knowledge graph reasoning and completion on account of that its have strong interpretability. However, reasoning methods based on path features still have several problems in the following aspects: Path search isinefficient, insufficient paths for sparse tasks and some paths are not helpful for reasoning tasks. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a method called DC-Path that combines dynamic relation confidence and other indicators to evaluate path features, and then guide path search, finally conduct relation reasoning. Experimental result show that compared with the existing relation reasoning algorithm, this method can select the most representative features in the current reasoning task from the knowledge graph and achieve better performance on the current relation reasoning task.Comment: accepted by the 7th China National Conference on Big Data & Social Computin

Tropical storm-induced turbulent mixing and chlorophyll-a enhancement in the continental shelf southeast of Hainan Island

AbstractBased on moored observations and remote sensing data in July and August 2005, energy sources for enhancing turbulent mixing and possible mechanisms of phytoplankton bloom in the continental shelf southeast of Hainan Island under the influence of Washi, a fast-moving and weak tropical storm, are analyzed in this paper. Observations show that strong near-inertial internal waves were generated by the rapidly changing wind stress and the near-inertial energy was dissipated quickly across the thermocline. The strong turbulent mixing associated with the near-inertial baroclinic shear instability occurred with maximum eddy diffusivity above 3.2×10−4m2s−1, and the surface chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration after the storm increased by 22.2%. The Chl-a concentration augment was inferred to be an upper ocean biophysical response to the enhanced near-inertial turbulent mixing which could increase the upward nutrient flux into the surface low eutrophic zone during the passage of Washi

Effects of Six Common Dietary Nutrients on Murine Intestinal Organoid Growth

The intestinal epithelium of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract constantly renews itself to absorb nutrients and provide protection for the body from the outside world. Since the intestinal epithelium is constantly exposed to various chemicals and dietary components, it is critical to determine which constituents promote or inhibit intestinal epithelium health and growth rate. Intestinal organoids, three-dimensional miniature models of the intestines, represent an ex vivo tool to investigate intestinal physiology and growth patterns. In this study, we measured the growth rates of murine intestinal organoids exposed to various concentrations of different dietary constituents. Results indicate that caffeic acid inhibited organoid growth in a concentration-dependent manner, curcumin exhibited variable effectiveness, and vitamin C had no effect on organoid growth

Kismeth: Analyzer of plant methylation states through bisulfite sequencing

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is great interest in probing the temporal and spatial patterns of cytosine methylation states in genomes of a variety of organisms. It is hoped that this will shed light on the biological roles of DNA methylation in the epigenetic control of gene expression. Bisulfite sequencing refers to the treatment of isolated DNA with sodium bisulfite to convert unmethylated cytosine to uracil, with PCR converting the uracil to thymidine followed by sequencing of the resultant DNA to detect DNA methylation. For the study of DNA methylation, plants provide an excellent model system, since they can tolerate major changes in their DNA methylation patterns and have long been studied for the effects of DNA methylation on transposons and epimutations. However, in contrast to the situation in animals, there aren't many tools that analyze bisulfite data in plants, which can exhibit methylation of cytosines in a variety of sequence contexts (CG, CHG, and CHH).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Kismeth <url>http://katahdin.mssm.edu/kismeth</url> is a web-based tool for bisulfite sequencing analysis. Kismeth was designed to be used with plants, since it considers potential cytosine methylation in any sequence context (CG, CHG, and CHH). It provides a tool for the design of bisulfite primers as well as several tools for the analysis of the bisulfite sequencing results. Kismeth is not limited to data from plants, as it can be used with data from any species.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Kismeth simplifies bisulfite sequencing analysis. It is the only publicly available tool for the design of bisulfite primers for plants, and one of the few tools for the analysis of methylation patterns in plants. It facilitates analysis at both global and local scales, demonstrated in the examples cited in the text, allowing dissection of the genetic pathways involved in DNA methylation. Kismeth can also be used to study methylation states in different tissues and disease cells compared to a reference sequence.</p

Arisan Baca Tulis: Pemberantasan Buta Aksara Melalui Metode Arisan Yang Unik Dan Menyenangkan

Surabaya as the capital of East Java was haven\u27t free from illiteracy yet, the condition was mostly of them were women aged 30 years and over who haven\u27t completed the compulsory education for nine years. In addition, women are also considered capable of transmitting knowledge and their knowledge to the family, especially the children as closest network. With the fun activity, we expect the new atmosphere of togetherness and gathering with the same degree of age are able to create its own preoccupations and improving the confidence to learn to read and write. This program, is modified such that mothers are often going ahead and daring to write or read the sentences given by instructor, will get a roll of paper that bearing their names. Thus, the more quantity Mothers forward and dare to write and read, the more the roll of their names, and a chance to win the raffle of “Arisan” at the end of training will be even greater. With different and unique method, able to attract mothers to be more diligent in reading and writing, so that illiteracy slowly be decrease, the mothers began to realize how important education started early, and spirit and motivation for learning has begun to form, evidenced by an increase in the ability of mothers to read and write, 77% of mothers who previously could not read, or only able to spell, and be able to read haltingly, and 68% of mothers who can not write, or can only write a few letters, as well as stuttering to write, has increased its ability to 86% have been able to read fluently, and 77% have been able to write correctly

Two-Component Signal Transduction System SaeRS Positively Regulates Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus epidermidis, which is a causative pathogen of nosocomial infection, expresses its virulent traits such as biofilm and autolysis regulated by two-component signal transduction system SaeRS. In this study, we performed a proteomic analysis of differences in expression between the S. epidermidis 1457 wild-type and saeRS mutant to identify candidates regulated by saeRS using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/lonization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Of 55 identified proteins that significantly differed in expression between the two strains, 15 were upregulated and 40 were downregulated. The downregulated proteins included enzymes related to glycolysis and TCA cycle, suggesting that glucose is not properly utilized in S. epidermidis when saeRS was deleted. The study will be helpful for treatment of S. epidermidis infection from the viewpoint of metabolic modulation dependent on two-component signal transduction system SaeRS