ODN: Opening the Deep Network for Open-set Action Recognition

In recent years, the performance of action recognition has been significantly improved with the help of deep neural networks. Most of the existing action recognition works hold the \textit{closed-set} assumption that all action categories are known beforehand while deep networks can be well trained for these categories. However, action recognition in the real world is essentially an \textit{open-set} problem, namely, it is impossible to know all action categories beforehand and consequently infeasible to prepare sufficient training samples for those emerging categories. In this case, applying closed-set recognition methods will definitely lead to unseen-category errors. To address this challenge, we propose the Open Deep Network (ODN) for the open-set action recognition task. Technologically, ODN detects new categories by applying a multi-class triplet thresholding method, and then dynamically reconstructs the classification layer and "opens" the deep network by adding predictors for new categories continually. In order to transfer the learned knowledge to the new category, two novel methods, Emphasis Initialization and Allometry Training, are adopted to initialize and incrementally train the new predictor so that only few samples are needed to fine-tune the model. Extensive experiments show that ODN can effectively detect and recognize new categories with little human intervention, thus applicable to the open-set action recognition tasks in the real world. Moreover, ODN can even achieve comparable performance to some closed-set methods.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, ICME 201

Healthy cities initiative in China: Progress, challenges, and the way forward

Article discusses how China implemented the first phase of its National Healthy Cities pilot program from 2016-20. Authors recommend aligning the Healthy Cities initiative in China with strategic national and global level agendas such as Healthy China 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by providing an integrative governance framework to facilitate a coherent intersectoral program to systemically improve population health

Development, Evaluation, and impLemenTation for guideline adaptation: a quality improvement protocol for the DELTA study in global health practice

Abstract Background Guideline adaptation is an emerging field to provide more appropriate recommendations for local clinical practice quality and to promote global health equity. However, its utilization status, adaptation procedures, and related materials remain to be studied. Methods This study developed a quality improvement protocol for a study as the Development, Evaluation, and impLemenTation for guideline Adaptation (DELTA) study. Current adapted clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) will be systematically searched. Their characteristics, utilization status, and adaptation procedures will be extracted, compared, and analyzed. Whether these adapted CPGs rigorously followed the instruments and steps of adaptation frameworks will also be appraised. In addition, the advantages and limitations of current adaptation methods and their suitable application situations will be analyzed. In addition, future perspectives as DELTA series and DELTA system, aiming for comprehensively evaluating current needs for guideline adaptation and developing a unified framework and related materials were proposed to improve the acceptability, applicability, and implementation of guideline adaptation in clinical practice. The DELTA series are divided into four phases: phase I in analyzing status, characteristics, and procedures and completeness of adapted CPGs; phase II in analyzing differences, heterogeneity, and implementation between adapted and original CPGs; and phase III in collecting, analyzing, and comparing all available adaptation materials. With these research bases, an international working group will be established in phase IV and will develop unified guideline adaptation materials after Delphi consensus, including adaptation frameworks, appraisal tools and checklists, registries, and databases. Discussion Guideline adaptation has been advanced as an efficient way to guide local clinical practice. However, it still faces several major challenges. The proposed DELTA study, series, and system will further contribute to this emerging topic. Trial registration: This study has been registered by the PROSPERO international database. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=400170

Distinct UV–visible responsivity enhancement of GaAs photodetectors via monolithic integration of antireflective nanopillar structure and UV absorbing IGZO layer

Broadband ultraviolet–visible photodetection has been attracting growing research interests in fields of environment, energy, and imaging. Considering the suitable bandgap and high absorption coefficient, GaAs is one of the best candidates for ultraviolet–visible photodetection. In this work, a monolithic integration strategy of nanopillar antireflective structure and InGaZnO (IGZO) ultraviolet absorbing layer is proposed to enhance the ultraviolet–visible spectral responsivity of GaAs photodetectors. Both nanopillar topography and IGZO layer exhibit antireflective performance, leading to the enhancement of the light absorption and responsivity of the photodetectors. By the combination of nanopillar structure and IGZO layer, a distinct responsivity enhancement of more than one-order magnitude covering 300–800 nm wavelength range is realized compared with planar GaAs photodetectors. This work offers great promises for advanced GaAs-based ultraviolet–visible optoelectronics.Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Ministry of Education (MOE)Submitted/Accepted versionThis work was supported by the A*STAR, Singapore, Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering (AME) Young Individual Research Grant (YIRG) under the Project A2084c0066 and Ministry of Education, Singapore, under the Grant ACRF Tier 2 grant (T2EP50120-0003) and Tier 1-2020-T1-002-020 (RG136/20). The authors also acknowledge the support of the Nanyang NanoFabrication Centre (N2FC)

BCC-CSM2-HR: a high-resolution version of the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model

International audienceBCC-CSM2-HR is a high-resolution version of the Beijing Climate Center (BCC) Climate System Model (T266 in the atmosphere and 1/4∘ latitude × 1/4∘ longitude in the ocean). Its development is on the basis of the medium-resolution version BCC-CSM2-MR (T106 in the atmosphere and 1∘ latitude × 1∘ longitude in the ocean) which is the baseline for BCC participation in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). This study documents the high-resolution model, highlights major improvements in the representation of atmospheric dynamical core and physical processes. BCC-CSM2-HR is evaluated for historical climate simulations from 1950 to 2014, performed under CMIP6-prescribed historical forcing, in comparison with its previous medium-resolution version BCC-CSM2-MR. Observed global warming trends of surface air temperature from 1950 to 2014 are well captured by both BCC-CSM2-MR and BCC-CSM2-HR. Present-day basic atmospheric mean states during the period from 1995 to 2014 are then evaluated at global scale, followed by an assessment on climate variabilities in the tropics including the tropical cyclones (TCs), the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the stratosphere. It is shown that BCC-CSM2-HR represents the global energy balance well and can realistically reproduce the main patterns of atmospheric temperature and wind, precipitation, land surface air temperature, and sea surface temperature (SST). It also improves the spatial patterns of sea ice and associated seasonal variations in both hemispheres. The bias of the double intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), obvious in BCC-CSM2-MR, almost disappears in BCC-CSM2-HR. TC activity in the tropics is increased with resolution enhanced. The cycle of ENSO, the eastward propagative feature and convection intensity of MJO, and the downward propagation of QBO in BCC-CSM2-HR are all in a better agreement with observations than their counterparts in BCC-CSM2-MR. Some imperfections are, however, noted in BCC-CSM2-HR, such as the excessive cloudiness in the eastern basin of the tropical Pacific with cold SST biases and the insufficient number of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic