2,714 research outputs found
The Impact of Information Explicitness and Timing on Facilitating Online Learning: A Field Experiment
Online learning systems aim to support learners’ learning process by providing various kinds of information. However, scarce research has focused on examining whether such information support can indeed foster an active learning process and ultimately achieve enhanced learning outcome. This study draws upon active learning theory, which posits that effective information support should facilitate learners’ “generation” and “reflection” process. We examined two characteristics of information support to facilitate such an active learning process, information explicitness and presentation timing (during or after a learning task). A field experiment was conducted on an online learning platform. Our findings revealed that when provided during a task, less explicit information would improve learning outcomes by encouraging generation activities. Furthermore, for learners with a stronger knowledge base, more explicit information support provided after a task assisted in the reflection process, leading to improved learning outcomes. The mechanisms were revealed by using cursor tracking technology
Improved language modeling by unsupervised acquisition of structure
The perplexity of corpora is typically reduced by more than 30% compared to advanced n-gram models by a new method for the unsupervised acquisition of structural text models. This method is based on new algorithms for the classification of words and phrases from context and on new sequence finding procedures. These procedures are designed to work fast and accurately on small and large corpora. They are iterated to build a structural model of a corpus. The structural model can be applied to recalculate the scores of a speech recognizer and improves the word accuracy. Further applications such as preprocessing for neural networks and (hidden) markov models in language processing, which exploit the structure finding capabilities of this model, are proposed. 1. CLASSIFYING ENTITIES FROM CONTEXT VIA ITERATED REESTIMATION The most widespread criterion for the classification of words and phrases in linguistics is the replacement test, which states, that two linguistic entities are the same..
ExposureDiffusion: Learning to Expose for Low-light Image Enhancement
Previous raw image-based low-light image enhancement methods predominantly
relied on feed-forward neural networks to learn deterministic mappings from
low-light to normally-exposed images. However, they failed to capture critical
distribution information, leading to visually undesirable results. This work
addresses the issue by seamlessly integrating a diffusion model with a
physics-based exposure model. Different from a vanilla diffusion model that has
to perform Gaussian denoising, with the injected physics-based exposure model,
our restoration process can directly start from a noisy image instead of pure
noise. As such, our method obtains significantly improved performance and
reduced inference time compared with vanilla diffusion models. To make full use
of the advantages of different intermediate steps, we further propose an
adaptive residual layer that effectively screens out the side-effect in the
iterative refinement when the intermediate results have been already
well-exposed. The proposed framework can work with both real-paired datasets,
SOTA noise models, and different backbone networks. Note that, the proposed
framework is compatible with real-paired datasets, real/synthetic noise models,
and different backbone networks. We evaluate the proposed method on various
public benchmarks, achieving promising results with consistent improvements
using different exposure models and backbones. Besides, the proposed method
achieves better generalization capacity for unseen amplifying ratios and better
performance than a larger feedforward neural model when few parameters are
adopted.Comment: accepted by ICCV202
Spectroscopy for asymmetric binary black hole mergers
We study Bayesian inference of black hole ringdown modes for simulated binary
black hole signals. We consider to what extent different fundamental ringdown
modes can be identified in the context of black hole spectroscopy. Our
simulated signals are inspired by the high mass event GW190521. We find strong
correlation between mass ratio and Bayes factors of the subdominant ringdown
modes. The Bayes factor values and time dependency, and the peak time of the
(3,3,0) mode align with those found analysing the real event GW190521,
particularly for high-mass ratio systems.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, 2 table
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The role of EGFR double minutes in modulating the response of malignant gliomas to radiotherapy.
EGFR amplification in cells having double minute chromosomes (DM) is commonly found in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM); however, how much it contributes to the current failure to treat GBM successfully is unknown. We studied two syngeneic primary cultures derived from a GBM with and without cells carrying DM, for their differential molecular and metabolic profiles, in vivo growth patterns, and responses to irradiation (IR). Each cell line has a distinct molecular profile consistent with an invasive "go" (with DM) or angiogenic "grow" phenotype (without DM) demonstrated in vitro and in intracranial xenograft models. Cells with DM were relatively radio-resistant and used higher glycolytic respiration and lower oxidative phosphorylation in comparison to cells without them. The DM-containing cell was able to restore tumor heterogeneity by mis-segregation of the DM-chromosomes, giving rise to cell subpopulations without them. As a response to IR, DM-containing cells switched their respiration from glycolic metabolism to oxidative phosphorylation and shifted molecular profiles towards that of cells without DM. Irradiated cells with DM showed the capacity to alter their extracellular microenvironment to not only promote invasiveness of the surrounding cells, regardless of DM status, but also to create a pro-angiogenic tumor microenvironment. IR of cells without DM was found primarily to increase extracellular MMP2 activity. Overall, our data suggest that the DM-containing cells of GBM are responsible for tumor recurrence due to their high invasiveness and radio-resistance and the mis-segregation of their DM chromosomes, to give rise to fast-growing cells lacking DM chromosomes
A frequency-domain perspective on GW150914 ringdown overtone
We revisit the recent debate on the evidence for an overtone in the black
hole ringdown of GW150914. By gating and inpainting the data, we discard the
contamination from earlier parts of the gravitational wave signal before
ringdown. This enables the parameter estimation to be conducted in the
frequency domain, which is mathematically equivalent to the time domain method.
We keep the settings as similar as possible to the previous studies by
\textcite{Cotesta:2022pci} and Isi \textit{et
al.}\cite{Isi:2019aib,Isi:2022mhy} which yielded conflicting results on the
Bayes factor of the overtone. We examine the spectral contents of the
matched-filtering in the frequency domain, and propose a convergence test to
assess the validity of an overtone model. Our results find the Bayes factors
for the overtone fall within and around a range of times centered at
the best-fit merger time of GW150914, which supports the existence of an
overtone in agreement with the conclusions of Isi \textit{et
al.}\cite{Isi:2019aib,Isi:2022mhy}. Our work contributes to the understanding
of how various methods affect the statistical significance of overtones.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures. Data release at
https://github.com/gwastro/gw150914-overtone. Comments welcome
Simultaneous Penile Gangrene and Testicular Infarction Secondary to Calciphylaxis in a Uremic Patient
We report here a 46-year-old man with end stage renal disease (ESRD) secondary to type 2 diabetes, who had been on hemodialysis for 5 years. He had a painful glans lesion for 1 week. Five days later, he also complained of right testicular pain. Computed tomography of the pelvis demonstrated calcification of both penile arteries. Scrotal sonography revealed right testicular infarction. He received partial penectomy and right orchiectomy because of progressive lesions and intractable pain. Pathologic examination revealed testicular and penile tissue with necrotizing inflammation accompanied by multifocal calcification in the tunica media, compatible with calciphylaxis. This is the first report to document simultaneous penile gangrene and testicular infarction secondary to calciphylaxis
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