17.9 MeV’lik enerjide (p,α) tesir kesiti verileri üzerine sistematik bir inceleme

Nuclear cross section data are needed in various applications such as radiation therapy, astrophysics, radioisotope production, fusion and fission. The systematics play a very important role in determining cross sections on neutron- and proton-induced reactions at incoming energies of which there are no experimental values. So, empirical systematics have been extensively used at present in the studies on cross section calculations. In this paper, we proposed empirical cross section formulas considering Q–value dependence on (p,α) reactions at proton energy of 17.9 MeV. The present formulas including Coulomb and odd-even effects are based on the statistical theory. In addition, these formulas are a modification to the Levkovskii’s original asymmetry parameter formulas for neutron induced reactions and the Tel et al.’s empirical formulas for proton reactions. Fitting parameters of formulas were determined by least-squares fitting to experimental excitation function data. It is seen that new empirical formulas give good fits with (p,α) experimental cross section values in the literature at 17.9 MeV.Radyasyon tedavisi, astrofizik, radyoizotop üretimi, füzyon ve fisyon gibi çeşitli uygulamalarda nükleer tesir kesiti verilerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Sistematikler, deneysel değeri olmayan gelme enerjilerde nötron ve protonla oluşturulan reaksiyon tesir kesitlerinin belirlenmesinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu yüzden, ampirik sistematikler günümüzde tesir kesiti hesaplamaları üzerine çalışmalarda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 17.9 MeV'lik proton enerjisinde (p,α) reaksiyonları üzerine Q-değeri bağımlılığını göz önünde bulundurarak ampirik tesir kesiti formülleri önerdik. Coulomb ve tek-çift etkileri dahil eden mevcut formüller istatistiksel teoriye dayanmaktadır. Ek olarak, bu formüller, Levkovskii'nin nötron kaynaklı reaksiyonlar için orijinal asimetri parametre formüllerinin ve Tel ve arkadaşlarının proton kaynaklı reaksiyonlar için ampirik formüllerinin bir modifikasyonudur. Formüllerin fit parametreleri deneysel uyarılma fonksiyonu verilerinin en küçük kareler fit işlemi tarafından belirlendi. Yeni ampirik formüllerin, 17.9 MeV'de literatürdeki (p,α) deneysel tesir kesiti değerleri ile iyi uyum sağladığı görülmektedir

Informed consent in surgical practice with patients’ experiences: A cross-sectional study

This study aims to evaluate patients\u27 experiences and perspectives regarding informed consent in surgical practice. Data for this cross-sectional study were collected from 276 patients using a questionnaire developed by Falagas et al. Descriptive statistics were employed for all questions. Statistical tests such as the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman\u27s rank correlation analysis were performed, and Cohen\u27s effect sizes were reported. IBM SPSS 23.0 was used for all analyses, and p\u3c0.05 was considered statistically significant. A high score on both The Delivered Information Index and The Patient-Physician Index represents a positive informed consent process. Among the participants, 65.2% indicated that they understood all parts of the consent form. Of all patients, 92.8% reported that information about the specific surgical procedure was provided by physicians. However, 47.5% of the patients reported that they did not feel comfortable with their surgeons. The mean score of the Delivered Information Index was 5.63 (2.38). The mean patient-physician relationship score was 14.38 (3.31). There was a moderate positive correlation between the delivered information index and the patient-physician relationship (r=0.50; p\u3c0.001). In addition, there was a moderate positive correlation between the delivered information index and the time spent on the informed consent process, as well as between the patient-physician relationship and the time spent on the informed consent process (r=0.52; r=0.40, respectively). The study emphasized the lack of communication between patients and physicians, the limitation of information on treatment risks, adverse effects, and alternative treatment options. Experience Framework This article is associated with the Policy & Measurement lens of The Beryl Institute Experience Framework (https://theberylinstitute.org/experience-framework/). Access other PXJ articles related to this lens. Access other resources related to this lens

Türkiye’de Renal Replasman Tedavi Yöntemlerinin Geri Ödeme Kurumu Perspektifinden Maliyet Analizi

Bu araştırmanın amacı, kronik böbrek yetmezliği tedavisinde uygulanan Renal Replasman Tedavi (RRT) yöntemleri olan hemodiyaliz (HD), periton diyalizi (PD) ve böbrek transplantasyonu (Tx) tedavi seçeneklerinin Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK) perspektifinden maliyetlerini tespit etmektir. Bu araştırmanın evrenini Akdeniz Üniversitesi hastanesinde RRT yöntemleri ile tedavi alan hastalar oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada örneklem çekilmemiş, RRT yöntemi ile tedavi alan hastalarının tamamı alınmıştır. Araştırmada retrospektif maliyet yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Tedavi işlemlerin fiyatlandırılmasında güncel Sağlık Uygulama Tebliği (SUT) puanı/fiyatı esas alınmıştır. İlaçların kamu fiyatının tespit edilmesinde RxMediaPharma® İnteraktif İlaç Bilgi Kaynağı programından ve Türk Eczacılar Birliğinin web uygulaması Tebrp ilaç veri tabanı programından yararlanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, HD’in hasta başına yıllık maliyeti 96.800,06.-TL ve PD’in 149.296,32.-TL olarak, Tx’nun birinci yıl maliyeti 126.617,39.-TL ve ikinci yıl maliyeti 26.996,42.-TL olarak hesap edilmiştir. Son dönem böbrek yetmezliği sebebiyle RRT alan toplam hasta sayısının kamu bütçesine yükü 7.003.754.527,09.- TL’dir. Bu tutar sağlık hizmetlerine ayrılan kaynağın %1,89’una ve SGK’na ayrılan bütçenin %3,75’ine ve SGK hastane harcamalarının ise %6.85’ine karşılık gelmektedir. Bu nedenle öncelikle bu hastalığın hastalık yükünü azaltacak sağlık politikaları geliştirilebilmeli ve tedavi sürecinde kullanılan sağlık kaynakları maliyet- etkili bir şekilde yönetilmelidir

Evaluation of Mothers’ Sociodemographic Characteristics and Infant Feeding Attitudes During Pregnancy According to the Iowa Feeding Attitude Scale and Examining the Scale’s Role in Determining Breastfeeding Duration

Introduction: The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the initial 6 months of life, followed by the introduction of supplementary foods together with breast milk after 6 months, and then continuing to breastfeed until the child reaches 2 years of age. Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) was developed to identify which infant feeding methods pregnant women are more inclined towards during the early stages of pregnancy. In our study, we aimed to assess the feeding practices of mothers using the IIFAS. Material and methods: The study was planned with consenting pregnant women who applied to the gynaecology clinic, pregnancy outpatient clinic and pediatric outpatient clinic of our hospital. Those who had problems such as drug use, chronic disease, psychological disorder, anatomical disorder that would prevent breastfeeding, syndromic condition, indication for hospitalisation were excluded from the study. A questionnaire regarding the demographic profile of the mothers and the IIFAS was filled out. Subsequently, face-to-face interviews were conducted with the mothers on the seventh day, third month, and sixth month to gather information. Results: The study was completed with 96 mothers. According to the IOWA infant feeding scale scores of the mothers, there were 26 (27.1%) mothers in the breastfeeding-prone group with a score of 70 and above and 70 (72.9%) mothers in the undecided group with a score between 49-69. Since none of the pregnant women scored between 17-48, the group predisposed to formula feeding was not formed. There were no significant variations observed between the groups with regard to age, family type, and mode of delivery; however, there was a notable disparity in the educational and informational statuses of the mothers. Conclusions: The fact that mothers were mostly undecided about the recommendations related to the IIFAS indicates the need for information about breast milk

Preliminary results of the Sofalaca-Şehitkamil Gaziantep (Mw:7.7) and Ekinözü Kahramanmaraş (Mw:7.6) earthquakes based on GNSS observations on February 6, 2023

Bu çalışmada 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde sırasıyla yerel saat ile 04:17 ve 13:24’te artarda meydana gelen Sofalaca-Şehitkamil Gaziantep (Mw:7.7) ve Ekinözü Kahramanmaraş (Mw:7.6) depremlerinin öncül jeodezik sonuçları verilmiştir. Öncül jeodezik sonuçları elde etmek için deprem odak merkezleri etrafındaki ve etkili olduğu alandaki TUSAGA-Aktif istasyonlarına ait GNSS alıcılarından 30 sn (0,033 Hz) ve 1 sn’lik (1 Hz) GNSS gözlemleri kullanılmıştır. Deprem kaynaklı kosismik yer değiştirmeleri belirlemek için bağıl statik çözümler GAMIT/GLOBK yazılım takımında 30 sn’lik RINEX verileri kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Statik çözümlerde değerlendirmeye alınan istasyonlarda Sofalaca-Şehitkamil Gaziantep depreminde doğu bileşende atımın 1.1-23.4 cm, kuzey bileşende 1.1-30.9 cm aralığında değiştiği görülmüştür. Ekinözü Kahramanmaraş depreminde ise atım miktarı doğu bileşende 1.2-440.4 cm, kuzey bileşende 1.4-69.6 cm aralığında değişmiştir. Kinematik çözümler ise PPP yöntemiyle CSRS-PPP ve PRIDE PPP-AR yazılımları ile 1 sn’lik RINEX verileri kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Her iki yazılımda seçilen istasyonlardaki deprem anı yer değiştirmeler (deplasman) ve ardışık epok farkları (hız) hesaplanmıştır. Seçilen tüm istasyonlarda hızlar Sofalaca-Şehitkamil Gaziantep depreminde doğu bileşen için 3-12.5 cm/sn, kuzey bileşen için 3.8 - 37.7 cm/sn aralığında; Ekinözü Kahramanmaraş depreminde ise doğu bileşende 3.7-20.5 cm/sn, kuzey bileşende 4.1-20.1 cm/sn tespit edilmiştir. Öncül sonuçların elde edilmesinden sonra bölgenin daha yakından takibi ve yeni noktalarda atımların tespiti için yeni bir GNSS ağı kurulmuştur. Kurulan yeni ağda TÜBİTAK 1002-C Doğal Afetler Odaklı Saha Çalışması Acil Destek Programı çağrısı kapsamında arazi çalışmalarına başlanmıştır.In this study, the earthquakes which took place on 6 February 2023, respectively at local time 04:17 and 13:24 preliminary geodetic results are given that occurred of Sofalaca-Şehitkamil (Gaziantep) (Mw:7.7) and of Ekinözü (Kahramanmaraş) (Mw: 7.6). In order to obtain preliminary geodetic results the GNSS observations were used at 30 s (0.033 Hz) and 1 s (1 Hz) intervals from the GNSS receivers in the network of Continuously Operating Reference Stations, Turkey (CORS-TR). Relative static solutions to determine earthquake-induced coseismic displacements were performed using 30-second RINEX data in the GAMIT/GLOBK software. In the GNSS stations evaluated in the static solutions, it was observed that the coseismic displacement in the Sofalaca-Şehitkamil Gaziantep earthquake varied between 1.1 - 23.4 cm in the eastern component and 1.1 - 30.9 cm and northern component. In the Ekinözü Kahramanmaraş earthquake, the amount of coseismic displacement varied between 1.2 - 440.4 cm in the eastern component and 1.4-69.6 cm in the northern component. Kinematic solutions were obtained by PPP method using CSRS-PPP and PRIDE PPP-AR software and 1 second RINEX data. In both software, earthquake displacements and consecutive epoch differences (velocity) at selected stations were calculated.During the Sofalaca Şehitkamil-Gaziantep earthquake velocities for all selected stations were detected approximately between 3.0-12.5 cm/s for the eastern component and 3.8 - 37.7 cm/sn for the northern component; during the Ekinözü Kahramanmaraş earthquake were detected approximately between 3.7-20.5 cm/sn for the eastern component and 4.1-20.1 cm/sn for the northern component. After the preliminary results were obtained, a new GNSS network was established to observation the region more closely and to detect displacement at new GNSS points. In study area has started new GNSS observations within the scope of TÜBİTAK 1002-C Natural Disasters Focused Field Study Emergency Support Program call in the new network established

Analytical Regularization Method for Rigorous Diffraction Analysis of Knife Edges for TM Waves

A direct full-wave solution via the Analytical Regularization Method (ARM) is proposed for the diffraction problem concerning knife edges under TM wave excitation. This problem is reduced to solving an infinite linear algebraic equation system of the second kind which, in principle, can be solved with arbitrary predetermined accuracy via a truncation procedure