Parental involvement and its effects on satisfaction of parent-child relationship

Families and parenting have long been a research concern over the decades. However, little research has been conducted on the pattern(s) of parental involvement in the Malaysian context. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of Malaysian young adults? perceived parental involvement on satisfaction of parent-child relationship. A questionnaire survey with Father Involvement Scale, Mother Involvement Scale, and Satisfaction of Parent-Child Relationship Scale was carried out on 100 male and 100 female local university and college students aged 18 to 25 years old. The findings show that father expressive and mentoring?advising involvement, and mother expressive involvement predict a better parent-child relationship. Overall, this study gives us a better understanding on the dimensions of Malaysian?s parental involvement that promotes better parent-child relationship

Parental bonding and parent-child relationship among tertiary students

Parental bonding is an important predictor that gives a lot of insight into parent-child relationship. Studies have demonstrated the importance of parent child relationship for adjustment, ranging from attachment during infancy, indiscipline style during childhood and adolescence to parenting style during adulthood. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between parental bonding and parent-child relationship among tertiary level students in which gender and cultural effects were also taken into consideration. A survey with two valid inventories?Parental Bonding Inventory (PBI) and Parent-Child Relationship Survey (PCRS) was carried out on 160 tertiary level students from Selangor. Results indicate that stronger parental bonding promotes better parent-child relationship. Besides, females were found to have better parental bonding as well as parent-child relationship compared to males. From a cultural aspect, there is no difference among races in terms of parental bonding and parent-child relationship

Iron Behaving Badly: Inappropriate Iron Chelation as a Major Contributor to the Aetiology of Vascular and Other Progressive Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases

The production of peroxide and superoxide is an inevitable consequence of aerobic metabolism, and while these particular "reactive oxygen species" (ROSs) can exhibit a number of biological effects, they are not of themselves excessively reactive and thus they are not especially damaging at physiological concentrations. However, their reactions with poorly liganded iron species can lead to the catalytic production of the very reactive and dangerous hydroxyl radical, which is exceptionally damaging, and a major cause of chronic inflammation. We review the considerable and wide-ranging evidence for the involvement of this combination of (su)peroxide and poorly liganded iron in a large number of physiological and indeed pathological processes and inflammatory disorders, especially those involving the progressive degradation of cellular and organismal performance. These diseases share a great many similarities and thus might be considered to have a common cause (i.e. iron-catalysed free radical and especially hydroxyl radical generation). The studies reviewed include those focused on a series of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases, where iron can be found at the sites of plaques and lesions, as well as studies showing the significance of iron to aging and longevity. The effective chelation of iron by natural or synthetic ligands is thus of major physiological (and potentially therapeutic) importance. As systems properties, we need to recognise that physiological observables have multiple molecular causes, and studying them in isolation leads to inconsistent patterns of apparent causality when it is the simultaneous combination of multiple factors that is responsible. This explains, for instance, the decidedly mixed effects of antioxidants that have been observed, etc...Comment: 159 pages, including 9 Figs and 2184 reference

Summary of Multiple Regression Analysis for Perceived Locus of Control, Age, Ethnicity, Marital Status, Occupation and Education in Predicting Vigorous Exercise.

<p>Summary of Multiple Regression Analysis for Perceived Locus of Control, Age, Ethnicity, Marital Status, Occupation and Education in Predicting Vigorous Exercise.</p

One-Way Analysis of Variance of Physical Activity by Educational Level, Marital Status, Occupation, and Age Groups.

<p>One-Way Analysis of Variance of Physical Activity by Educational Level, Marital Status, Occupation, and Age Groups.</p

Summary of Multiple Regression Analysis for Perceived Locus of Control, Age, Gender, Ethnicity, Marital Status, Occupation, and Education in Predicting Activity Level.

<p>Summary of Multiple Regression Analysis for Perceived Locus of Control, Age, Gender, Ethnicity, Marital Status, Occupation, and Education in Predicting Activity Level.</p

One-Way Analysis of Variance of Physical Activity by Ethnicity.

<p>One-Way Analysis of Variance of Physical Activity by Ethnicity.</p

A review of risk factors and genetic alterations in head and neck carcinogenesis and implications for current and future approaches to treatment

© Springer-Verlag 2009Head and neck cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide but the most common malignant disease site in central Asia. The treatment of head and neck cancer is one of the most challenging in clinical oncology because of the high content of hypoxic cells of the cancer which increases resistance to therapy and also because of the high capacity of the cancer to regrow during treatment. For unresectable tumours, radiotherapy and chemotherapy alone or more often in combination is the treatment of choice. The aim of this paper is to review current understanding of carcinogenesis of head and neck cancer in relation to predisposing risk factors in general and for specific sub-sites and how these risk factors interact with the main reported genetic alterations in the progression of the cancer. The implications of these changes in determining choice of therapy are also discussed from a brief historical perspective of the various treatment approaches of head and neck cancer.Loredana G. Marcu, E. Yeo