MENINGKATKAN KECERDASAN INTERPERSONAL PADA ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARANÂ REGGIO EMILIA

Interpersonal intelligence is important for life, if the interpersonal intelligence of children is good then the child will easily socialize. Early research findings show that the behavior of children aged 4-5 years wants to win alone, playing does not want to take turns and does not want cooperation with friends. The purpose of this study is to examine and find out about the application of learning in the Reggio Emilia to improve the interpersonal intelligence of children aged 4-5 years. This research method, class action research (Classroom action research) with subjects aged 4-5 years consisted of 12 male students and 15 female students in KOBER PAUD Al Hidayah. Researcher data collection techniques through observation and documentation with Kemmis and Mc Taggart models are preliminary observations of research, then enter cycle 1 including planning, action, observation, and reflection. After that the data analysis is made using data reduction to focus on the rough field data, then a data display is made where the data is compiled and then conclusions are drawn so that researchers can explain important data as the end of the study. From the results of the study obtained data on children who began to develop 25.9%, for children who develop according to expectations 37.04% and children who develop very well there is 37.04% so based on the results of research and assessment of classroom teachers that by applying the learning Reggio  Emilia can improve children's interpersonal intelligence because the learning of the region of Emilia is learning through project methods that can indirectly stimulate children to work together.Kecerdasan  interpersonal  penting untuk kehidupan, jika kecerdasan  interpersonal anak baik  maka anak  akan  mudah  bersosialisasi. Temuan penelitian awal bahwa  perilaku anak usia 4-5 tahun  ingin menang sendiri,  bermain tidak mau bergiliran, dan tidak mau kerjasama dengan temannya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menelaah dan  mengetahui tentang  penerapan pembelajaran  reggio emilia  untuk meningkatkan  kecerdasan  interpersonal  anak usia 4-5 tahun. Metode penelitian ini,  penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom action research) dengan subyeknya anak  usia 4-5 tahun  terdiri dari  siswa laki laki 12 orang  dan perempuan  15 orang di PAUD KOBER Al Hidayah. Teknik pengumpulan data   peneliti   melalui observasi dan dokumentasi  dengan  model Kemmis dan MC Taggart yakni observasi awal pra penelitian,kemudian masuk siklus 1 diantaranya: perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan  refleksi. Setelah itu dibuat analisis data dengan cara reduksi data untuk memusatkan perhatian pada data lapangan yang bersifat data kasar, kemudian  dibuat display data dimana data tersebut disusun lalu ditarik kesimpulan sehingga peneliti bisa menjelaskan  data data penting sebagai akhir penelitian.  Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh  data anak yang mulai berkembang 25,9%, untuk anak yang berkembang sesuai harapan 37,04% dan anak yang berkembang sangat baik ada 37,04% jadi berdasarkan  dari hasil penelitian dan asesmen guru kelas  bahwa dengan menerapkan  pembelajaran  reggio emilia dapat meningkatkan kecerdasan  interpersonal anak, karena pembelajaran  reggio emilia merupakan  pembelajaran  melalui  metode proyek yang  secara tidak langsung  dapat  menstimulus anak  bekerja sama. Â

Evidence that an APOE ε4 'double whammy' increases risk for Alzheimer's disease

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is associated with some of the same neuropathological features as those reported for early stages of typical Alzheimer's disease (AD). The APOE ε4 allele is associated with a gene-dose-dependent increase in AD risk and in the severity of amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. In a study published in the current BMC Medicine, Sue Griffin and colleagues studied markers of brain resilience in the amputated temporal lobes of TLE patients. They discovered compelling evidence that the APOE ε3 isoform in TLE patients is apparently more neuroprotective from Aβ toxicity than is the APOE ε4 isoform, as shown by the reduced levels of neuronal damage, glial activation, and expression of IL-1α in the APOE ε3/ε3 brains. This result points to a new property of APOE isoforms: not only are APOE ε4 alleles associated with increased brain amyloid plaque burden, but these alleles are also apparently inferior to APOE ε3 alleles in conveying resistance to Aβ neurotoxicity. This 'double whammy' result opens up a new direction for studies aimed at elucidating the relevant neurobiological activities of APOE isoforms in the pathogenesis of AD

Perinatal acquisition of drug-resistant HIV-1 infection: mechanisms and long-term outcome

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Primary-HIV-1-infection in newborns that occurs under antiretroviral prophylaxis that is a high risk of drug-resistance acquisition. We examine the frequency and the mechanisms of resistance acquisition at the time of infection in newborns.</p> <p>Patients and Methods</p> <p>We studied HIV-1-infected infants born between 01 January 1997 and 31 December 2004 and enrolled in the ANRS-EPF cohort. HIV-1-RNA and HIV-1-DNA samples obtained perinatally from the newborn and mother were subjected to population-based and clonal analyses of drug resistance. If positive, serial samples were obtained from the child for resistance testing.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Ninety-two HIV-1-infected infants were born during the study period. Samples were obtained from 32 mother-child pairs and from another 28 newborns. Drug resistance was detected in 12 newborns (20%): drug resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors was seen in 10 cases, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in two cases, and protease inhibitors in one case. For 9 children, the detection of the same resistance mutations in mothers' samples (6 among 10 available) and in newborn lymphocytes (6/8) suggests that the newborn was initially infected by a drug-resistant strain. Resistance variants were either transmitted from mother-to-child or selected during subsequent temporal exposure under suboptimal perinatal prophylaxis. Follow-up studies of the infants showed that the resistance pattern remained stable over time, regardless of antiretroviral therapy, suggesting the early cellular archiving of resistant viruses. The absence of resistance in the mother of the other three children (3/10) and neonatal lymphocytes (2/8) suggests that the newborns were infected by a wild-type strain without long-term persistence of resistance when suboptimal prophylaxis was stopped.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study confirms the importance of early resistance genotyping of HIV-1-infected newborns. In most cases (75%), drug resistance was archived in the cellular reservoir and persisted during infancy, with or without antiretroviral treatment. This finding stresses the need for effective antiretroviral treatment of pregnant women.</p

Seizure-related headache in patients with epilepsy

We investigated the type and frequency of interictal primary headache and peri-ictal headache in 109 patients with partial-onset and 26 patients with generalized onset seizures in this study. Interictal headaches were present in 50 (40.7%) of 135 patients. Comparing the interictal headache on the basis of seizure type, we couldn't find any significant difference between the seizure groups. Seventy-nine (58.51%) patients had peri-ictal headache. Eleven of these patients had pre-ictal headache (PriH), three of all had ictal headache and, 56 of these had post-ictal headache (PoiH). PriH and PoiH were more frequently encountered before and after secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) compared to other seizure groups. The type of pain in PoiH was 'throbbing' in complex partial seizures and 'steady' in GTCS. (C) 2001 BEA Trading Ltd

Prevalence of epilepsy in Silivri, a rural area of Turkey

Purpose: To learn the prevalence of epilepsy in Silivri, a western town of Turkey, a randomized door-to-door survey was conducted using a standard questionnaire. The method of the study was adopted from the suggestions of the World Health Organization (WHO) for prevalence studies in developing countries, and the criteria were derived from Guide-lines Sor Epidemiologic Studies on Epilepsy proposed by the Commission on Epidemiology and Prognosis, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 1993

Association between APOE polymorphisms and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis

To evaluate the hypothetical link between apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) and whether presence of APOE epsilon4 allele shortens the latent period between febrile seizures and epilepsy. A further interest is whether presence of APOE epsilon4 allele has an impact on severity of the disease. Forty-seven patients with MTLE-HS were compared with 62 controls. APOE polymorphisms were determined from lymphocytes by standard methods. Eight patients (17%) and 10 controls (16.1%) were demonstrated to have one APOE epsilon4 allele. There was not any statistically significant difference in APOE epsilon4 frequency between patients and controls (P > 0.05). There was not any difference statistically according to onset age of epilepsy and the presence of APOE epsilon4 allele within patient group. APOE epsilon4 polymorphisms did not influence the severity of epilepsy. APOE epsilon4 polymorphisms had no impact on outcome after surgery. Patients with bilateral memory deficits, bilateral hippocampal atrophy and with bilateral epileptiform interictal EEG transients, were independently compared with patients having unilateral features and there were not any statistically significant differences. This study has found no association between APOE epsilon4 polymorphisms and presentation of MTLE-HS in a group of Turkish patients

Patterns of postictal cerebral perfusion in idiopathic generalized epilepsy: a multi-delay multi-parametric arterial spin labelling perfusion MRI study

The cerebral haemodynamic status of idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) is a very complicated process. Little attention has been paid to cerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations in IGE detected by arterial spin labelling (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the selection of an optimal delay time is difficult for single-delay ASL. Multi-delay multi-parametric ASL perfusion MRI overcomes the limitations of single-delay ASL. We applied multi-delay multi-parametric ASL perfusion MRI to investigate the patterns of postictal cerebral perfusion in IGE patients with absence seizures. A total of 21 IGE patients with absence seizures and 24 healthy control subjects were enrolled. IGE patients exhibited prolonged arterial transit time (ATT) in the left superior temporal gyrus. The mean CBF of IGE patients was significantly increased in the left middle temporal gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus and left fusiform gyrus. Prolonged ATT in the left superior temporal gyrus was negatively correlated with the age at onset in IGE patients. This study demonstrated that cortical dysfunction in the temporal lobe and fusiform gyrus may be related to epileptic activity in IGE patients with absence seizures. This information can play an important role in elucidating the pathophysiological mechanism of IGE from a cerebral haemodynamic perspective