Writing As A Survival Skill: How Neuroscience Can Improve Writing In Organizations

This article looks at the apparent paradox between the demand for strong writing skills and the lack of colleges of business that require their MBA students to complete writing courses. In the past, most approaches to teaching writing proved inadequate in producing graduates with the ability to write clearly, effectively, and efficiently. This article examines the implications of neurocognitive research on the reading process for the teaching of writing and ends with a set of 16 guidelines for teaching MBA students how to write well - principles that reach far beyond those specified in the SEC’s plain language guidelines

Spectro-electrochemical studies on luminescent complexes

This thesis is devoted to the characterisation of redox-active metal-coordination complexes containing the M-bipy chromophore, where M = metal and bipy = 2,2'- bipyridine. Their electronic structural formulations have been closely defined by comparative examination of their absorption spectra in sequences of one-electron related oxidation states. We have found that such a series of related complexes offers a far greater chance of successful analysis of the absorption spectra than if the spectra are approached in isolation.The redox changes were generally achieved by controlled electrogeneration using an optically transparent thin layer electrode (O.T.T.L.E.) directly placed in the spectrophotometer beam, so that the absorption spectra of the unstable low-oxidation state complexes could be unambiguously recorded. It was found necessary to develop such 1spectroelectrochemical techniques' because of the extreme sensitivity to oxygen of the reduced complexes.In particular, we have shown that for reduced metal-bipyridyl complexes the spectroelectrochemical results can only be rationalised using a trapped-electron model; for example the tris-bipy complexes should be formulated as follows: [M(bipy)₃]ᶻ⁺ = [M(bipy°)₃]ᶻ⁺, [M(bipy)₃]⁽ᶻ⁻¹⁾⁺ = [M(bipy°)₂(bipy ⁻)]⁽ᶻ⁻¹⁾⁺, [M(bipy°)₃]⁽ᶻ⁻²⁾⁺ [M(bipy⁻)₃]⁽ᶻ⁻³⁾⁺. Thus we infer that in [M(bipy)₃]ᶻ⁺ and [M(bipy)₂L₂]²⁺ complexes the bipy ligands are noninteracting.We also discuss the metal-to-ligand charge transfer excited state of [Ru(bipy)₃]²⁺ in which we find the optically transferred electron to be exclusively located on one ligand; best formulated as *[Ru(III)(bipy°)₂ (bipy⁻)]²⁺ This complex is, therefore, an example of a symmetric D₃ ground state complex giving rise to a highly unsymmetric excited state.The detailed analysis of characteristic electrode potentials (for metal-based versus ligand-based reductions) and the spectroscopic recognition of bipy° and bipy⁻ chromophores have provided complementary and consistent electronic structural elucidations, from which molecular orbital energy diagrams can be usefully constructed, and a simple correlation between central metal charge and ligand-based reduction potentials can be identified

Co-creating community solutions with customers : the case of First ScotRail

Creating customer solutions is said to embody the new service-dominant logic (Sharma, Iyer, & Evanschitzky, 2008; Tuli, Kohli, & Bharadwaj, 2007); the elaboration of solutions is likely to result from a value co-creation process involving actors from both the supply network and the customer network (Cova and Salle, 2008). This paper will explore how solution orientation can extend beyond B2B and B2C settings to include the co-creation of solutions for communities, consistent with a social marketing community partnership approach (Peattie & Peattie, 2009)

Effect of Ammonium-supplemented Seawater on Glutamine Synthetase and Glutamate Dehydrogenase Activities in Host Tissue and Zooxanthellae of Pocillopora damicornis and on Ammonium Uptake Rates of the Zooxanthellae

Host glutamine synthetase activity decreases in Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus) following exposure of the coral to seawater containing elevated ammonium (20 uM). Zooxanthellae isolated from these corals exhibited lower ammonium uptake capacity and glutamine synthetase activity compared with those from the control corals. Ammonium concentration of the surrounding seawater had no effect on the NADPH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase activity in the host

Water quality between the Barron River/Trinity Inlet and Green Island and the effect of seasonal change

Nutrients and related water quality characteristics were measured at six sites along a transect from the Barron River estuary to Green Island over a twenty-month period. The water column was generally well mixed and so depth was not a significant source of variation. Overall, slightly higher nutrient concentrations tended to be found at the two most inshore sites. FUrthermore, some elevated nutrient levels were recorded right across the transect after periods of heavy rain and/or rough weather. This elevation was most noticeable at the two inshore sites, suggesting input from the Barron River discharge.· At Green Island there was no significant increase over background levels in the mean levels of nutrients in the vicinity of the sewage outfall, however relatively high chlorophyll a levels were recorded near to the sewage discharge. These high chlorophyll a levels could indeed result from the discharge of sewage effluent but further studies will need to be carried out in order to confirm this

Protocols and guidelines for telehealth applications

This booklet has been developed to assist you in planning, implementing and evaluating telehealth applications using videoconferencing. It is basically a compilation of existing information and should be regarded as a general introduction to this area

Using Ninhydrin to Detect Gravesoil

Some death scene investigations commence without knowledge of the location of the body and/or decomposition site. In these cases, it is necessary to locate the remains or the site where the body decomposed prior to movement. We hypothesized that the burial of a mammalian cadaver will result in the release of ninhydrin reactive nitrogen (NRN) into associated soil and that this reaction might have potential as a tool for the identification of clandestine graves. Juvenile rat (Rattus rattus) cadavers were buried in three contrasting soil types in Australian tropical savanna ecosystems and allowed to decompose over a period of 28 days. Soils were sequentially harvested and analyzed for NRN. Cadaver burial resulted in an approximate doubling (mean = 1.7 ± 0.1) in the concentration of soil NRN. This reaction has great potential to be used as a presumptive test for gravesoil and this use might be greatly enhanced following more detailed research