Stomatal CO2/bicarbonate sensor consists of two interacting protein kinases, Raf-like HT1 and nonkinase-activity activity requiring MPK12/MPK4

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors.The continuing rise in the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration causes stomatal closing, thus critically affecting transpirational water loss, photosynthesis, and plant growth. However, the primary CO2 sensor remains unknown. Here, we show that elevated CO2 triggers interaction of the MAP kinases MPK4/MPK12 with the HT1 protein kinase, thus inhibiting HT1 kinase activity. At low CO2, HT1 phosphorylates and activates the downstream negatively regulating CBC1 kinase. Physiologically relevant HT1-mediated phosphorylation sites in CBC1 are identified. In a genetic screen, we identify dominant active HT1 mutants that cause insensitivity to elevated CO2. Dominant HT1 mutants abrogate the CO2/bicarbonate-induced MPK4/12-HT1 interaction and HT1 inhibition, which may be explained by a structural AlphaFold2- and Gaussian-accelerated dynamics-generated model. Unexpectedly, MAP kinase activity is not required for CO2 sensor function and CO2-triggered HT1 inhibition and stomatal closing. The presented findings reveal that MPK4/12 and HT1 together constitute the long-sought primary stomatal CO2/bicarbonate sensor upstream of the CBC1 kinase in plants.Peer reviewe

Over-expression of WRKY25 affects salt stress response and development in Arabidopsis thaliana

在植物界中WRKY轉錄因子廣泛存在於植物特有之大基因家族轉錄因子的其中一員。在阿拉伯芥中存在著74個WRKY轉錄因子，而在其中一些WRKY轉錄因子參與植物生長發育、訊息傳遞及逆境反應之功能。WRKY轉錄因子可藉由結合至其下游基因之啟動子上的順式作用元件進而抑制或活化此下游基因。然而，至今植物裡的WRKY轉錄因子之功能及分子機制並未清楚。在此篇研究中，我探究WRKY轉錄因子WRKY25 參與鹽分逆境之反應、側根生長發育及開花過程之調控。鹽分及離層酸處理誘導WRKY25之表現。此外，與野生型阿拉伯芥相較起來，在WRKY25大量表現株中，側根生長受抑制且對鹽分逆境耐受性增加，同時還擁有提早開花的表現型。如此，WRKY25可能在鹽分逆境反應和植物生長發育中扮演一重要的角色。WRKY transcription factors belong to one of the largest transcription factor families in plants. Arabidopsis hsa seventy-four WRKYs and some of which are involved in plant development, signal transduction and stress responses. WRKYs can activate or repress expression of the downstream target genes and these gene through the binding to the cis-acting element W-box. However, the functions and the molecular mechanism of most plant WRKYs are still unknown. In this study, I investigated one of the WRKY transcription factors, WRKY25, with respect to its functions in salt stress response, lateral root development and flowering process. Salt and abscisic acid induced WRKY25 expression. In addition,the WRKY25 over-expression lines are more tolerance to salt stress. Furthermore, over-expression of WRKY25 inhibits lateral root development and promotes early flowering. Thus, WRKY25 may play an improtant role in salt stress response and plant development in Arabidopsis

Effects of intradialytic exercise on the physical function, depression and quality of life for haemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

[[abstract]]Aims and objectives To determine the efficacy and safety of intradialytic exercises for haemodialysis patients, this study conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials. Background Patients receiving haemodialysis have poor physical function, psychological status and quality of life than the general population. Exercise training may improve these parameters for haemodialysis patients. Design Systemic review was performed, and a meta‐analysis was conducted. Methods Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SPORTDiscus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Airiti Library were systematically searched for studies up to January 2015. In addition, the reference lists of eligible studies and relevant reviews were assessed. Results Seventeen studies with a total of 651 participants were included. Compared with no resistance exercise, nonexercise and walks at home, intradialytic exercises significantly improved the peak oxygen consumption (SMD = 0·50, 95% CI: 0·26–0·74), haemoglobin (SMD = 0·34, 95% CI: 0·13–0·55), depression (SMD = −0·80, 95% CI: −1·10 to −0·50) and physical component of the quality of life (SMD = 0·46, 95% CI: 0·20–0·73). Intradialytic exercises are safe with no adverse events. However, significant improvements were not observed in the albumin level and mental component of the quality of life. Conclusions The study results facilitate selecting intradialytic exercise that improves and provides safety with respect to the peak oxygen consumption, haemoglobin, depression and physical component of the quality of life. Furthermore, regular exercise should be considered a crucial therapeutic modality for patients undergoing haemodialysis. Relevance to clinical practice This study suggests that performing intradialytic exercises for 30 minutes per session three times a week for at least ≥8 weeks is beneficial. Regular exercise should be considered as a crucial therapeutic modality of managing patients undergoing haemodialysis, thus guiding in clinical practice

KLF10 Functions as an Independent Prognosis Factor for Gastric Cancer

Background and Objectives: Krűppel-like factor 10 (KLF10) participates in the tumorigenesis of several human cancers by binding to the GC-rich region within the promoter regions of specific genes. KLF10 is downregulated in human cancers. However, the role of KLF10 in gastric cancer formation remains unclear. Materials and Methods: In this study, we performed immunohistochemical staining for KLF10 expression in 121 gastric cancer sections. Results: The loss of KLF10 expression was correlated with advanced stages and T status. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that patients with higher KLF10 levels had longer overall survival than those with lower KLF10 levels. Univariate analysis revealed that in patients with gastric cancer, advanced stages and low KLF10 levels were associated with survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that age, gender, advanced stages, and KLF10 expression were independent prognostic factors of the survival of patients with gastric cancer. After adjusting for age, gender, and stage, KLF10 expression was also found to be an independent prognostic factor in the survival of patients with gastric cancer. Conclusion: Our results collectively suggested that KLF10 may play a critical role in gastric cancer formation and is an independent prognosis factor of gastric cancer

Intravascular Large B cell Lymphoma in Taiwan: An Asian Variant of Non-germinal-center Origin

Intravascular large B cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare variant of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. We reported the clinical and immunohistochemical characteristics of 10 cases of IVLBCL from Taiwan between 1995 and 2008. Methods: Clinical data were reviewed and immunoperoxidase stains were performed with antibodies against CD20, CD10, Bcl-6, MUM1, and CD5. Results: There were eight males and two females with a median age of 59 years. Patients presented with dyspnea (5/10), fever (7/10), splenomegaly (5/10), and bone marrow involvement (8/10). Anemia (9/10), thrombocytopenia (6/10), and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase or ferritin levels (8/10) were also common. Nine cases were CD20+CD10−Bcl-6−, similar to non-germinal center B cells. Six out of seven patients survived after chemotherapy, but three cases with thrombocytopenia that precluded chemotherapy died within 2 months. Conclusion: Our cases of IVLBCL had a non-germinal center B origin and belonged to the Asian variant of this disease. The liver, spleen, and bone marrow, but rarely the skin or brain, were involved. Thrombocytopenia is a major risk factor for mortality in these cases

Effects of aerobic exercise during hemodialysis on physical functional performance and depression

[[abstract]]Previous studies have concluded that exercise training is beneficial to patients on hemodialysis (HD). Results, however, have shown that differences in the type, intensity, and frequency of physical exercise lead to variability in its effects on physical functional performance and depression. Further research is thus warranted. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise on physical functional performance and depression during HD. Using a pretest–posttest control group design, we recruited HD patients and nonrandomly assigned them to an exercise group (n ¼ 13) that completed a 12-week aerobic exercise program during HD or a control group (n ¼ 11) that did no exercise during HD. The primary outcome measures were physical functional performance, as evaluated by the 6-min walk test and the sit-to-stand test, and depression, as evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory II. The secondary outcome measures were albumin and triglyceride levels and hematocrit. Results revealed significant between-group differences in physical functional performance and depression but not in albumin level, hematocrit, or triglyceride level. Findings suggest that exercise may play a critical role in physical functional performance and may decrease depression. Exercise should be encouraged and performed during HD in HD centers

High Expression of KLF10 Is Associated with Favorable Survival in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background and Objectives: Krüppel-like transcription factor 10 (KLF10) plays a vital role in regulating cell proliferation, including the anti-proliferative process, activation of apoptosis, and differentiation control. KLF10 may also act as a protective factor against oral cancer. We studied the impact of KLF10 expression on the clinical outcomes of oral cancer patients to identify its role as a prognostic factor in oral cancer. Materials and Methods: KLF10 immunoreactivity was analyzed by immunohistochemical (IHC) stain analysis in 286 cancer specimens from primary oral cancer patients. The prognostic value of KLF10 on overall survival was determined by Kaplan–Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: High KLF10 expression was significantly associated with male gender and betel quid chewing. The 5-year survival rate was greater for patients with high KLF10 expression than for those with low KLF10 expression (62.5% vs. 51.3%, respectively; p = 0.005), and multivariate analyses showed that high KLF10 expression was the only independent factor correlated with greater overall patient survival. The significant correlation between high KLF10 expression and a higher 5-year survival rate was observed in certain subgroups of clinical parameters, including female gender, non-smokers, cancer stage T1, and cancer stage N0. Conclusions: KLF10 expression, detected by IHC staining, could be an independent prognostic marker for oral cancer patients